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Perubahan Struktural Di Industri Manufaktur Dan Ketenagakerjaan

Author

Listed:
  • Donni Fajar Anugrah

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Marissa Novita

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Bambang Indra Ismaya

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Ratna Rosalia Rahayu

    (Bank Indonesia)

Abstract

Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, kebutuhan tenaga kerja dengan keahlian yang sesuai dengan penggunaan teknologi baru dalam industri manufaktur semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan perubahan teknologi terhadap peningkatan skilled labor dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor teknologi yang memengaruhi peningkatan skilled labor. Untuk melihat hubungan antara faktor tersebut digunakan metode regresi panel pada data survei tahunan industri manufaktur periode 2010-2015 yang diagregasi berdasarkan kode international standard industrial classification (ISIC) 3 digit. Untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih detail, dilakukan variasi rentang periode pengamatan untuk melihat apakah ada perubahan jalur transmisi teknologi terhadap permintaan skilled labor. Penelitian ini juga dipertajam dengan membagi kelompok industri berdasarkan intensitas research and development (R&D). Hasil estimasi mengonfirmasi adanya shifting kebutuhan tenaga kerja dari non-skilled labor ke skilled labor akibat perubahan teknologi (skill-biased technology change) di industri manufaktur. Dengan membagi periode pengamatan menjadi dua periode waktu (2010-2012 dan 2013-2015) ditemukan fakta bahwa pengaruh teknologi masuk ke dalam industri manufaktur Indonesia melalui dua jalur transmisi, yaitu jalur foreign direct investment (FDI) dan jalur R&D. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan perubahan jalur transmisi teknologi antarkelompok industri. Pada kelompok industri teknologi rendah terjadi perubahan jalur transmisi teknologi dari jalur R&D (2010-2012) menjadi jalur FDI (2013-2015). Sebaliknya, pada kelompok industri teknologi menengah-tinggi terjadi perubahan jalur transmisi teknologi dari jalur FDI (2010-2012) menjadi jalur R&D (2013-2015). Di sisi lain, hasil regresi juga menunjukkan bahwa difusi teknologi baru melalui FDI, imported material, dan ekspor belum berlaku di Indonesia.

Suggested Citation

  • Donni Fajar Anugrah & Marissa Novita & Bambang Indra Ismaya & Ratna Rosalia Rahayu, 2018. "Perubahan Struktural Di Industri Manufaktur Dan Ketenagakerjaan," Working Papers WP/5/2018, Bank Indonesia.
  • Handle: RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp52018
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    tenaga kerja; teknologi; panel data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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