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Dampak Elektronifikasi Terhadap Efektivitas Penyaluran Bantuan Sosial

Author

Listed:
  • Wishnu Badrawani

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Meily Ika Permata

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Nurkholisoh Ibnu Aman

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Devi Riyanti

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Novi Maryaningsih

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Muhammad Ikrar Saputra

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Kefas Prajna Christiawan

    (Bank Indonesia)

Abstract

Pada 2017, untuk mendukung Gerakan Nasional Non-Tunai (GNNT) yang diluncurkan pada 2014, Pemerintah Indonesia dan Bank Indonesia mulai menyalurkan bantuan sosial Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) secara non tunai melalui perbankan, menggantikan skema tunai. Kebijakan ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi biaya dan waktu, serta memperkuat transparansi penyaluran. Namun, sejak 2022 penyaluran non tunai kembali diterapkan secara tidak masif hingga 2024 karena keterbatasan jangkauan layanan tunai di beberapa wilayah serta kendala administrasi perbankan. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi peran mekanisme penyaluran non tunai terhadap perilaku konsumsi keluarga penerima manfaat (KPM) PKH di Indonesia. Estimasi dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan least square dummy variable (LSDV) dan inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) untuk mengatasi potensi selection bias pada pemilihan mekanisme penarikan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penarikan non tunai melalui agen bank berperan penting dalam meningkatkan konsumsi KPM. Dampak yang relatif lebih tinggi terlihat pada komponen konsumsi sandang, pendidikan, dan kesehatan, yang mengindikasikan pergeseran konsumsi ke kebutuhan yang lebih produktif. Meski demikian, keberadaan biaya informal agen bank yang belum terstandarisasi berpotensi menurunkan net usable amount yang diterima KPM. Karena agen bank merupakan jaringan perbankan terluas di Indonesia, penguatan aspek price fairness melalui standardisasi dan pengawasan biaya layanan menjadi penting untuk menjaga keutuhan manfaat bantuan dan efektivitas kebijakan non tunai.

Suggested Citation

  • Wishnu Badrawani & Meily Ika Permata & Nurkholisoh Ibnu Aman & Devi Riyanti & Novi Maryaningsih & Muhammad Ikrar Saputra & Kefas Prajna Christiawan, 2025. "Dampak Elektronifikasi Terhadap Efektivitas Penyaluran Bantuan Sosial," Working Papers WP/18/2025, Bank Indonesia.
  • Handle: RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp182025
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • A11 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Role of Economics; Role of Economists
    • B11 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General
    • D11 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Theory
    • F11 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Neoclassical Models of Trade

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