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Carbone sans frontières : quelles solutions fiscales face aux émissions importées ?

Author

Listed:
  • Eloi Laurent

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Jacques Le Cacheux

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po, CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour)

Abstract

Même si l'Union européenne est aujourd'hui la seule région du monde dont les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) se réduisent et atteignent les objectifs fixés lors de la signature du Protocole de Kyoto, ses performances sont en partie trompeuses : le prix du carbone sur le marché européen demeure à un niveau trop bas pour réellement inciter à l'innovation en matière énergétique ; les émissions des « secteurs diffus » – en particulier les transports, non couverts par le mécanisme des quotas – progressent rapidement ; et le contenu en carbone des importations est élevé et en constante augmentation, conséquence logique d'une politique qui ne cible que les émissions de production. La mise en œuvre par la France d'une taxe générale sur l'ensemble des émissions de carbone de tous les secteurs est souhaitable et possible. Calquée sur le modèle de la TVA, la TCA (taxe sur le carbone ajouté) ne nuit pas à la compétitivité des producteurs nationaux et permet de frapper les émissions de GES liées aux importations, induisant ainsi une certaine relocalisation des productions. Une telle initiative serait susceptible de relancer la dynamique européenne de lutte contre l'effet de serre et d'en accroître l'efficacité et la valeur d'exemple.

Suggested Citation

  • Eloi Laurent & Jacques Le Cacheux, 2012. "Carbone sans frontières : quelles solutions fiscales face aux émissions importées ?," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01884862, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01884862
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.122.0083
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-univ-pau.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01884862
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