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De la théorie à une enquête méthodologique originale

Author

Listed:
  • Luc Arrondel

    (PJSE - Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • André Masson

    (PJSE - Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Daniel Verger

    (Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE))

Abstract

La théorie standard de l'épargnant - qui suppose une actualisation " exponentielle " des utilités futures jusqu'au terme de l'existence et qui se réfère, en avenir risqué, au critère de l'espérance de l'utilité - ne retient que deux paramètres de préférence pour expliquer les comportements patrimoniaux : l'aversion - relative - à l'égard du risque et le taux de dépréciation du futur. L'inadéquation manifeste des prédictions de cette théorie avec l'observation a conduit à l'élaboration de modèles non standard plus réalistes ' utilité non espérée, actualisation " hyperbolique ", etc. Cependant, ces modèles doivent multiplier les paramètres de préférence indépendants pour pouvoir s'accorder aux données de laboratoire ou d'enquêtes : cette prolifération aboutit, au plan empirique, à une impasse. C'est pourquoi on adopte une voie moyenne qui privilégie encore deux paramètres de préférence " pivots ", l'un par rapport au risque, l'autre par rapport au temps, mais dont les définitions s'éloignent du cadre standard. Le paramètre pour le risque caractérisera l'attitude générale à l'égard du risque plutôt que l'aversion proprement dite ; de même, la préférence de long terme pour le présent se verra bordée de deux autres types de paramètres, mesurant l'un l'impatience sur le court terme, l'autre l'altruisme pour sa descendance. Corrélativement, l'approche empirique adoptée s'avère à la fois qualitative et éclectique. Avertis des déboires qu'ont connus les expériences anglo-saxonnes existantes, on propose des mesures purement ordinales des préférences, baptisées " scores ", qui synthétisent les réponses de l'enquêté à une multitude de questions le plus souvent concrètes et de toute nature - comportements, opinions, projets, etc. - et couvrant un large éventail de domaines - consommation, santé, travail, gestion financière, famille, retraite, etc.

Suggested Citation

  • Luc Arrondel & André Masson & Daniel Verger, 2005. "De la théorie à une enquête méthodologique originale," Post-Print halshs-00754085, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00754085
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    3. repec:dau:papers:123456789/10722 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Pascal Godefroy & Stéfan Lollivier, 2014. "Satisfaction et qualité de vie," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 469(1), pages 199-232.

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