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Impact of public policies on the dynamics of energy retrofit and fuel poverty in mainland France

Author

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  • Corinne Chaton

    (EDF R&D SEQUOIA - EDF R&D - EDF R&D - EDF - EDF, CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - GENES - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - GENES - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Most EU countries have introduced financial and fiscal instruments to accelerate investment in the energy renovation of buildings, which is needed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. However, in the absence of reliable data, it is difficult for some countries, such as France, to assess the impact of these instruments on both the dynamics of energy renovation and fuel poverty. To compensate for this lack of data, a tool has been developed. It is presented in this study. It takes into account the three predominant factors in the notion of fuel poverty, namely household resources, the price of energy and the quality of housing. It includes two multiple linear models for estimating: 1. disposable income and 2. energy expenditure. A life-cycle investment cost model is used to calculate the probability of an owner-occupier carrying out thermal renovation work. For tenant households, renovation is based on an annual renovation target. The model is tested in the French case with real values for variations in energy prices and disposable income. It has been calibrated to reproduce the distribution of dwellings according to their energy performance in 2017. The effects of different renovation subsidies on the dynamics of renovation and on fuel poverty are studied. Among the results of the simulations, it should be emphasised that financing the renovation of the least energy-efficient homes alone is not the most effective solution for reducing fuel poverty

Suggested Citation

  • Corinne Chaton, 2025. "Impact of public policies on the dynamics of energy retrofit and fuel poverty in mainland France," Post-Print hal-04976947, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04976947
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115348
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    Keywords

    Energy efficiency; Fuel poverty;

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