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Gender identity and relative income within households: Evidence from Canada

Author

Listed:
  • Maéva Doumbia
  • Marion Goussé

    (ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - Groupe ENSAE-ENSAI - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique, CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - Groupe ENSAE-ENSAI - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Groupe ENSAE-ENSAI - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Bertrand et al. (2015) show that, among married couples in the United States, the distribution of the share of the household income earned by the wife exhibits a sharp drop just to the right of 50%. They argue that this drop is consistent with a gender identity norm prescribing that a husband should earn more than his wife. We investigate this phenomenon in Canada at the national level but also across provinces. First, we document the presence of gender norms in Canada over the 1990–2014 period using three international data sets (the World Value Survey, the European Values Study and the International Social Survey Program). We find that Western Canada is relatively more traditional than Eastern Canada. Then, using the 2006 and 2016 census data, we show that a significant discontinuity at the 50% threshold exists in the distribution of the wife's relative income. This discontinuity is larger in Ontario and Western Canada than in Quebec and the Atlantic provinces.

Suggested Citation

  • Maéva Doumbia & Marion Goussé, 2022. "Gender identity and relative income within households: Evidence from Canada," Post-Print hal-04793180, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04793180
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12554
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    2. Biasi, Paola & De Paola, Maria & Gioia, Francesca, 2025. "When Mothers Out-Earn Fathers: Effects on Fathers' Decisions to Take Paternity and Parental Leave," IZA Discussion Papers 17601, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Yang, Juan & Zhang, Lifang & Zhu, Jiusheng, 2025. "Decision-making as cognitive household labor: Higher education expansion, women empowerment, and their intra-household decision-making responsibility," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    4. Lu Fan & Soomin Ryu, 2025. "Young Women’s Financial Satisfaction: The Roles of Financial Decision-Making Power, Spousal Relative Resources, and Personal Financial Characteristics," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 228-245, March.
    5. Kazuyasu Sakamoto & Yoko Morita, 2024. "Gender identity and market and non-market work of married women: evidence from Japan," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 511-533, June.

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