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Walras et les ingénieurs économistes français: des Eléments d'économie politique pure au Traité d'économie pure

Author

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  • Alain Béraud

    (THEMA, Department of Economics, Cergy-Pontoise University)

Abstract

Les ingénieurs économistes français avaient accueilli avec beaucoup de réticences l’œuvre de Walras. Ils ne pensaient pas que l’emploi des mathématiques puisse constituer une méthode normale même en économie politique pure. Progressivement leurs réticences s’estompèrent quand ils reconnurent le rôle crucial de l’interdépendance dans l’analyse des phénomènes économiques. La théorie de l’équilibre général s’imposa alors comme le cadre nécessaire de référence. Dans cette évolution, la publication en 1928 de L’économique rationnelle marque une étape importante non seulement parce que Divisia propose, dans cet ouvrage, un nouvel exposé de la théorie de l’équilibre général mais parce qu’il met en évidence les difficultés que soulèvent les analyses que faisait Walras des choix intertemporels et de la formation des prix monétaires. C’est en s’appuyant sur ces critiques et sur les analyses de Fisher et de Pareto qu’Allais proposa, dans son Traité d’économie pure, un nouveau modèle d’équilibre général qui prend en compte de façon systématique le caractère temporel des phénomènes économiques. C’est à juste raison que ce modèle fut qualifié de néo-walrasien car c’est bien du modèle que Walras avait élaboré dans les Éléments d’économie politique pure que s’inspire Allais pour construire sa propre théorie de l’équilibre économique.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Béraud, 2006. "Walras et les ingénieurs économistes français: des Eléments d'économie politique pure au Traité d'économie pure," THEMA Working Papers 2006-15, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.
  • Handle: RePEc:ema:worpap:2006-15
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    File URL: http://thema.u-cergy.fr/IMG/documents/2006-15.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. repec:adr:anecst:y:1989:i:14:p:02 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Jean-Michel Grandmont, 1989. "Rapport sur les travaux scientifiques de Maurice Allais," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 14, pages 25-38.
    3. Hayek, F. A., . "Money, Capital, and Fluctuations," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, number 9780226321271 edited by McCloughry, R. K., September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Histoire de la pénsée économique; théorie de l'équilibre général; Walras; Colson; Lenoir; Rueff; Roy; Divisia; Allais;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B13 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Wicksellian)
    • B16 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Quantitative and Mathematical
    • B21 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Microeconomics
    • B23 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies

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