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Firm Presence, Pollution, and Agglomeration: Evidence from a Randomized Environmental Place-Based Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Gechter, Michael
  • Kala, Namrata

Abstract

Firm location decisions have externalities on other firms due to competitive or agglomerative forces, and on the environment. We study an environmental place-based policy that randomly moved 20,000 firms in New Delhi. Relocation reduces pollution, but firm exit increases. We combine the exogenous assignment of firms to industrial plots with a model to estimate spillovers on neighboring firms, showing that firm survival rates could have been increased by allocating firms to plots accounting for input-output linkages. These results provide causal evidence on how firm presence impacts environmental quality, and how spillovers can be used to minimize costs on regulated firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Gechter, Michael & Kala, Namrata, 2026. "Firm Presence, Pollution, and Agglomeration: Evidence from a Randomized Environmental Place-Based Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 21060, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:21060
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    File URL: https://cepr.org/publications/DP21060
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R38 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Government Policy
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products

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