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Gatekeepers and Self-Preferencing: Incentives and Welfare Trade-offs in Two-sided Markets

Author

Listed:
  • Decarolis, Francesco
  • Li, Muxin

Abstract

We study a two-sided platform where a dominant gatekeeper supplies both a primary product and a competing ancillary service. By degrading outcomes for users of rival ancillary services, the gatekeeper engages in cross-market self-preferencing. Our theoretical model identifies when such behavior raises or lowers welfare, depending on buyers’ and sellers’ preferences and the platform’s pricing instruments. Analyzing a recent antitrust case against Google, we show that remedies targeting only one side can misalign incentives between different user groups, reducing welfare. Counterfactual simulations highlight when alternative behavioral or structural interventions realign incentives and improve market efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Decarolis, Francesco & Li, Muxin, 2025. "Gatekeepers and Self-Preferencing: Incentives and Welfare Trade-offs in Two-sided Markets," CEPR Discussion Papers 20668, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:20668
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    File URL: https://cepr.org/publications/DP20668
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • L21 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Business Objectives of the Firm
    • L40 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - General
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation

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