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Integración latinoamericana y del Caribe: 200 anos de la Carta de Jamaica a la CELAC

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  • Carlos Julio Martínez Becerra

Abstract

El sueno de Integración Latinoamericano se inicia en 1815 con el manifiesto al continente conocido como “La Carta de Jamaica”, continuaría con el congreso anfictiónico de Panamá en 1826; pero solo en la cumbre de la CELAC en 2014 fue posible reunir a todos los países latinoamericanos y del caribe. Por diferentes razones Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Paraguay estuvieron ausentes de los intentos en el siglo XIX y parte del siglo XX. Desde la carta de Chapultepec en 1945 los procesos de integración toman forma a partir de la década de los 50, con experiencias que se inspiraron en la teoría pura del Comercio Internacional y específicamente en la experiencia de Europa Occidental. En el Siglo XXI con la caída del muro de Berlín y el afianzamiento del aperturismo económico se inicia un proceso nuevo de integración que modificó el mapa del poder político del continente, condicionado por la política exterior de Estados Unidos y con el surgimiento de los BRICS como una alternativa hacia el multilateralismo. ****** The dream of Latin American Integration began in 1815 with the manifesto to the continent known as "The Letter of Jamaica", it would continue with the Congreso Anfictiónico de Panamá in 1826; but only at the CELAC summit in 2014 was possible to join together all the Latin American and Caribbean countries. For different reasons Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Paraguay were absent from the attempts in the 19th century and part of the 20th century. From the Carta de Chapultepec in 1945 the integration processes take shape from the 50s, with experiences that were inspired by the pure theory of International Trade and specifically the Western European experience. In the 21st century, with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the consolidation of economic openness, a new process of integration began and modified the map of the political power of the continent, conditioned by the foreign policy of the United States and with the emergence of the BRICS as an alternative towards multilateralism.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Julio Martínez Becerra, 2017. "Integración latinoamericana y del Caribe: 200 anos de la Carta de Jamaica a la CELAC," Documentos de Trabajo, Escuela de Economía 15893, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000178:015893
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    File URL: http://fce.unal.edu.co/centro-editorial/docs/escuela-de-economia/90-integracion-latinoamericana-y-del-caribe-200-anos-de-la-carta-de-jamaica-a-la-celac
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    Keywords

    Carta de Jamaica; CELAC; Integración latinoamericana; geopolítica; recursos naturales.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F01 - International Economics - - General - - - Global Outlook
    • F59 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - Other

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