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Impuesto sobre la renta: dime cómo opera y te diré cómo redistribuye

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  • Jorge Armando Rodríguez

Abstract

Este artículo examina las características del impuesto sobre la renta colombiano y la manera en que ellas moldean su potencial distributivo. El escrito llama la atención sobre la importancia de distinguir entre la distribución de la carga tributaria y el efecto de la misma sobre la distribución del ingreso. Muestra que la versión del impuesto mínimo alternativo instaurada en el país discrimina entre categorías de ingresos laborales y de capital. También explora los rasgos distributivos de diferentes sistemas de integración entre el impuesto personal y el de sociedades, en condiciones de elevada concentración del ingreso. Las repercusiones probables del llamado impuesto plano, cuya adopción promovió el gobierno nacional en la primera década del siglo XXI, son objeto de discusión. Las tarifas nominales son vistas ante todo como parte del engranaje impositivo estatutario, pero no se desconoce su dimensión de senales institucionales. El artículo ofrece algunas estimaciones de las tarifas efectivas, contrastándolas con las obtenidas por otros estudios. ****** This paper examines the characteristics of the Colombian income tax and the way they shape its distributive potential. It draws attention to the importance of distinguishing between the distribution of the tax burden and the effect thereof on the distribution of income. It shows that the version of the alternative minimum tax introduced in the country discriminates between categories of labor and capital incomes. It also explores the distributional features of different integration systems between the personal and corporate income tax, in a situation where income is highly concentrated. The likely repercussions of the so-called flat tax, whose adoption was promoted by the national government in the first decade of the 21st century, are discussed. The nominal rates are seen primarily as part of the statutory tax machinery, but their role as institutional signals is not overlooked. The paper provides some estimates of effective tax rates, contrasting them with those obtained by other studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge Armando Rodríguez, 2015. "Impuesto sobre la renta: dime cómo opera y te diré cómo redistribuye," Documentos de Trabajo, Escuela de Economía 13128, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000178:013128
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    File URL: http://www.fce.unal.edu.co/centro-editorial/docs/escuela-de-economia/54-impuesto-sobre-la-renta-dime-como-opera-y-te-dire-como-redistribuye
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Impuesto sobre la renta; Distribución de la carga tributaria; Distribución del ingreso; Política tributaria colombiana.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies
    • K34 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Tax Law
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • E25 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution

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