Principios para la gobernanza adaptativa de sistemas socioecológicos en páramos de Colombia desde dos experiencias en Santander y Tolima

This article aims to establish a proposal of principles for adaptive governance in socio-ecological systems (SES) of environmental importance in Colombia such as the páramos, based on the analysis of contexts in Berlin (Santander) and Anaime (Tolima). Through combining documentary review, focus groups and semi-structured interviews in each region, contrast exercises were carried out about biophysical aspects, supply and demand of ecosystem services, socio-economic aspects, and institutional context to understand the particularities of these two SES which shape the institutional arrangements and stakeholders’ interactions. Four principles were identified: access to information for co-production of knowledge, collective action for adaptive polycentric governance, social control of collective action agreements, and knowledge dialogue for social learning. The exercise of contrast between these SESs expands the state of the art about governance of territories such as the paramos, where the institutional arrangements for their conservation are generally disjointed.