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Implicaciones de bienestar en el sector residencial de la unificación tarifaria en el servicio de electricidad en el departamento de Antioquia

Author

Listed:
  • Andrés Ramírez Hassan
  • Edwar Antonio Londo no Zapata

Abstract

Resumen:Debido a la unificación tarifaria que se evidenció en el Departamento de Antioquia en el primer semestre del ano 2008 ocasionada por la adquisición del 100% de la participación accionaria de EADE por parte de EPM, se originaron una serie de implicaciones de bienestar en los usuarios del servicio de electricidad del Departamento. Específicamente se encontró que dicho cambio implicó una variación en el bienestar del agente representativo promedio del Departamento equivalente al 3,21%, en donde los efectos a nivel de estrato y ubicación geográfica son bastante heterogéneos; en particular los hogares de ingresos bajos ubicados fuera del área metropolitana tienen una mejora en su bienestar cercana al 20% como porcentaje de sus ingresos, mientras que los estratos medios y altos pertenecientes a esta región obtienen ganancias cercanas al 6%. Al respecto del Valle de Aburrá, los estratos bajos obtienen ganancias cercanas al 4%, mientras que los estratos medios y altos evidencian pérdidas de bienestar del orden de 1,4%. Estos resultados obedecen a que la elasticidad promedio precio e ingreso de la demanda de electricidad en el Departamento son -0,36 y 0,72, respectivamente. Vale la pena destacar que en términos generales las elasticidades precio por estrato son crecientes con éste, en tanto que las elasticidades ingreso de la demanda son decrecientes con el mismo. Igualmente se encontró que las elasticidades de largo plazo son superiores a las evidenciadas en el corto plazo, mientras que el consumo de electricidad presenta un efecto estacional en el cuarto trimestre del ano, y que los bienes sustitutos no desempenan un rol estadísticamente significativo en la demanda del servicio una vez tomada la decisión de inversión en éstos. Finalmente, un ejercicio de simulación alternativo, el cual implicaría cambios regulatorios de orden nacional, evidenció que se pueden alcanzar ganancias de bienestar aún mayores, tanto a nivel de distribución del ingreso como en términos agregados, sin causar detrimento de la posición financiera de la empresa unificada.Abstract:In the Department of Antioquia a change was evidenced in the welfare level of its citizens because the unification of the price service of electricity due to EPM acquired the 100% of the EADE´s shares. Specifically, the new price service implied a rise in the welfare of 3.21% at aggregated level. However, the changes in the welfare level are too heterogeneous when the data is seen by income level and location. For example, households with lower income and outside the metropolitan area increased their welfare level 20%, whereas households in this area and with higher income raised their welfare 6%. In the metropolitan area, the households with lower income increased their welfare 4%, while the families with higher income experienced a loss of 1.4% in their welfare level. These results are found due to the demand´s price and income elasticities that were estimated for the Department; -0.32 and 0.72, respectively. It is important to realize that demand´s price elasticities are increasing with stratum, while the demand´s income elasticities are decreasing. Additionally, the short term elasticities are smaller than long term, the demand for electricity has a stationary effect in the fourth quarter and there is no effect due to substitute services. Finally, a simulated scenario that implies a change in the national legal field shows that it is possible to obtain better distributional effects and higher increments at aggregated level in the welfare without a detriment in the financial position of the firm.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrés Ramírez Hassan & Edwar Antonio Londo no Zapata, 2008. "Implicaciones de bienestar en el sector residencial de la unificación tarifaria en el servicio de electricidad en el departamento de Antioquia," Documentos de Trabajo de Valor Público 10621, Universidad EAFIT.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000122:010621
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    Keywords

    Análisis de bienestar; Variación equivalente; Datos de panel; servicio deelectricidad; Welfare analysis; Equivalent variation; Panel data; Electricity service;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • D58 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models

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