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Abstract
ResumenDebido a la unificación tarifaria que se presentó en el Departamento de Antioquia en el primer semestre del ano 2008 ocasionada por la adquisición del 100% de la participación accionaria de EADE por parte de EPM, se originaron una serie de implicaciones de bienestar en los usuarios del servicio de electricidad del Departamento. Específicamente se encontró que dicho cambio implicó una variación en el bienestar del agente representativo promedio del Departamento equivalente al -0,53%, en donde los efectos a nivel de estrato y ubicación geográfica son bastante heterogéneos; en particular los hogares de ingresos bajos ubicados fuera del área metropolitana tienen una mejora en su bienestar cercana al 1,5% como porcentaje de sus ingresos, mientras que los estratos medios y altos pertenecientes al Valle de Aburrá evidencian pérdidas de bienestar del orden de 1,5%. Vale la pena destacar que en términos generales las elasticidades precio por estrato son crecientes con éste, en tanto que las elasticidades ingreso de la demanda son decrecientes con el mismo. Igualmente se encontró que las elasticidades de largo plazo son superiores a las evidenciadas en el corto plazo, mientras que el consumo de electricidad presenta un efecto estacional en el cuarto trimestre del ano, y que los bienes sustitutos no desempenan un rol estadísticamente significativo en la demanda del servicio una vez tomada la decisión de inversión en éstos. Finalmente, un ejercicio de simulación alternativo, el cual implicaría cambios regulatorios de orden nacional, pone de presente que se pueden alcanzar ganancias de bienestar, tanto a nivel de distribución del ingreso como en términos agregados, sin ir en detrimento de la posición financiera de la empresa unificada. AbstractIn the Department of Antioquia a change was evidenced in the welfare level of its citizens because the unification of the price service of electricity due to EPM acquired the 100% of the EADE´s shares. Specifically, the new price service implied a decline in the welfare of 0.53% at aggregated level. However, the changes in the welfare level are too heterogeneous when the data is seen by income level and location. For example, households with lower income and outside the metropolitan area increased their welfare level 1.5%, whereas households in the metropolitan area with higher income experienced a loss of 1.5% in their welfare level. It is important to realize that demand´s price elasticities are increasing with stratum, while the demand´s income elasticities are decreasing. Additionally, the short term elasticities are smaller than long term, the demand for electricity has a stationary effect in the fourth quarter and there is no effect due to substitute services. Finally, a simulated scenario that implies a change in the national legal field shows that it is possible to obtain better distributional effects and higher increments at aggregated level in the welfare without a detriment in the financial position of the firm.
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