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The Economics of a Just Transition

Author

Listed:
  • Ireri Hernandez Carballo
  • Elena Verdolini
  • Jan Christoph Steckel
  • Massimo Tavoni
  • Francesco Vona

Abstract

Addressing climate change requires policies that are ethically defensible, politically acceptable, and implementable. The concept of a ‘just transition’—a decarbonization process that avoids leaving workers and communities behind and mitigates burdens on vulnerable and historically marginalized groups—has gained prominence in academic and policy debates. This paper bridges these debates with insights from environmental economics. We identify and examine four key dimensions of a just transition—distributional, restorative, procedural, and recognition justice—and use them to map existing economic research. We highlight the contributions and limitations of environmental economics in addressing justice concerns and discuss gaps that future research should address to better inform the design of equitable climate policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Ireri Hernandez Carballo & Elena Verdolini & Jan Christoph Steckel & Massimo Tavoni & Francesco Vona, 2025. "The Economics of a Just Transition," CESifo Working Paper Series 12357, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12357
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • P18 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Energy; Environment

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