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Determinants of Violent and Property crimes in England: A Panel Data Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Lu Han
  • Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay
  • Samrat Bhattacharya

Abstract

We examine various determinants of property and violent crimes by using police force area level (PFA) data on England and Wales over the period 1992-2008. Our list of potential determinants includes two law enforcement variables namely crime-specific detection rate and prison population, and various socio-economic variables such as unemployment rate, real earnings, proportion of young people and Gini Coefficient. By adopting a fixed effect dynamic GMM estimation methodology we attempt to address the potential bias that arises from the presence of time-invariant unobserved characteristics of a PFA and the endogeneity of several regressors. There is a significant positive effect of own-lagged crime rate. The own-lagged effect is stronger for property crime, on an average, than violent crime. We find that, on an average, higher detection rate and prison population leads to lower property and violent crimes. This is robust to various specifications. However, socio-economic variables with the exception of real earnings play a limited role in explaining different crime types.

Suggested Citation

  • Lu Han & Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay & Samrat Bhattacharya, 2011. "Determinants of Violent and Property crimes in England: A Panel Data Analysis," Discussion Papers 10-26, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham.
    • Handle: RePEc:bir:birmec:10-26
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    Keywords

    Crime; Dynamic Panel; GMM; Law Enforcement; Socio-economic Variables;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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