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Citizen Economic Empowerment in Botswana: Concepts & Principles

Author

Listed:
  • Abdalla Gergis

    (Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis)

Abstract

This paper attempts to clarify the concepts and principles of citizen economic empowerment. Empowerment has been at the centre of a shift in thinking about economic development as a response to the failure of modernisation and trickle-down economics. To be empowered, it is important to be aware of one's own capabilities and creative energies. Empowerment is as much about taking charge of the process of making decisions, as it is about the achievement of empowerment goals. Government, therefore, should not impose empowerment from above, because empowerment has to be an objective the individual must strive to achieve. There is a difference between entitlements (hand-outs) and empowerment. International experience shows that entitlements create dependency. In discussing who needs to be empowered, the paper argues for the empowerment of those who are disempowered, including the disabled, children, the elderly, women, the poor, and the unemployed. Because education and training are fundamental to citizen economic empowerment, they should be reformed to promote creativity and competitiveness. Finally, the paper provides a definition and an operational strategy for achieving citizen economic empowerment in Botswana.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdalla Gergis, 1999. "Citizen Economic Empowerment in Botswana: Concepts & Principles," Working Papers 22, Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis.
    • Handle: RePEc:bid:wpaper:22
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    File URL: http://knowledge.bidpa.bw:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/125
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. M. Motsholapheko & D. Kgathi & C. Vanderpost, 2015. "An assessment of adaptation planning for flood variability in the Okavango Delta, Botswana," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 221-239, February.
    2. Mutandwa, Bright & Genc, Bekir, 2018. "Leveraging Zimbabwe's mineral endowment for economic transformation and human development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 230-239.
    3. Veronica Goitsemang Magang & Tebogo Israel Teddy Magang, 2021. "What Is ‘Tenderpreneuring’? A Review of the Literature," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 14(12), pages 128-128, July.
    4. Mugambi R. & GatobuP., 2023. "Tenderpreneurship and Business Growth in Developing Countries: A Review of Literature," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(5), pages 1422-1430, May.
    5. Fridah Muriungi Mwobobia, 2012. "Empowering of Small -Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMMEs): A Case of Botswana," Business and Management Research, Business and Management Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 1(4), pages 88-98, December.

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