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The Effectiveness of Natural Resources Funds: Evidence from Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Alejandro Ome
  • Laura Giles Alvarez
  • Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena
  • Cristhian Larrahondo

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of natural resource funds (NRF) on municipal fiscal results in Colombia, using an instrumental variable approach. It specifically analyzed the case of the Oil Savings and Stabilization Fund (FAEP). The results suggest that a 1 percent increase in royalty revenue caused a 0.2 percent increase in gross capital formation (GCF) expenses and that this effect was cancelled out by FAEP participation. We also find that neither resource revenue windfalls nor participation in the FAEP had any impact on operating expenses nor on tax revenues, and that resource revenues have had impact on capital expenses other than GCF, but FAEP participation did not. Although we find that FAEP was indeed effective in reining in GFC expenses, the results suggest that other factors, such as subnational fiscal rules, could have had a strong effect on operating and other investment spending. Countries should thus consider a range of instruments to promote fiscal discipline and smooth out spending, including regulation and NRFs, in the face of natural resource revenue windfalls. **** RESUMEN: Este estudio analiza el impacto de los fondos de recursos naturales (FRN) en los resultados fiscales municipales en Colombia utilizando un enfoque de variables instrumentales. En particular, se examinó el caso del Fondo de Ahorro y Estabilización Petrolera (FAEP) de Colombia. Los resultados sugieren que un aumento del 1 por ciento en los ingresos por regalías provocó un incremento del 0,2 por ciento en los gastos de formación bruta de capital (FBK), y que este efecto fue contrarrestado por la participación en el FAEP. También se encontró que ni los aumentos inesperados en los ingresos por recursos ni la participación en el FAEP tuvieron impacto en los gastos de funcionamiento ni en los ingresos tributarios. Aunque los ingresos por recursos sí afectaron los gastos de capital distintos a la FBK, la participación en el FAEP no lo hizo. Si bien se concluye que el FAEP fue efectivo para contener los gastos en FBK, los resultados sugieren que otros factores —como las reglas fiscales subnacionales— podrían haber tenido un efecto significativo en el gasto operativo y en otras inversiones. Por lo tanto, los países deberían considerar una variedad de instrumentos para fomentar la disciplina fiscal y estabilizar el gasto ante aumentos inesperados en los ingresos provenientes de recursos naturales, incluyendo la regulación y los FRN.

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandro Ome & Laura Giles Alvarez & Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena & Cristhian Larrahondo, 2026. "The Effectiveness of Natural Resources Funds: Evidence from Colombia," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 339, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:region:339
    DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.339
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • Q32 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
    • H72 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
    • C36 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation

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