Author
Listed:
- Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri
- María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo
Abstract
Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la trayectoria económica de Colombia durante las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX, un periodo marcado por la transición hacia la modernización institucional y la consolidación del modelo agroexportador. En particular, busca responder cómo el país pasó de la crisis de inicio de siglo XX al crecimiento de los años veinte, cuál fue el papel de la estabilidad macroeconómica en ese proceso y cómo evolucionaron los indicadores de desarrollo social. Para ello se realiza un análisis de la trayectoria de las principales variables macroeconómicas y sociales, al tiempo que se examina el papel de instituciones fundamentales, como el Banco de la República, y se integran dimensiones macroeconómicas, sectoriales y sociales. Los resultados sugieren que la construcción de instituciones macroeconómicas estables fue necesaria para generar crecimiento económico, pero no suficiente para promover un desarrollo inclusivo, y que el modelo agroexportador cafetero, exitoso en términos de crecimiento agregado, reprodujo vulnerabilidad externa y distribución asimétrica de sus beneficios. Estos resultados apuntan a una aparente paradoja del bienestar donde los beneficios del crecimiento fueron distribuidos de manera asimétrica. *** ABSTRACT: This article examines Colombia’s economic trajectory during the first three decades of the twentieth century, a period marked by the transition toward institutional modernization and the consolidation of an agro-export model. In particular, it asks how the country moved from the crisis of the early twentieth century to the economic expansion of the 1920s, what role macroeconomic stability played in this process, and how indicators of social development evolved. To this end, the article traces the evolution of key macroeconomic and social variables while examining the role of key institutions, including the Banco de la República, and integrating macroeconomic, sectoral, and social dimensions. The results suggest that the establishment of stable macroeconomic institutions was necessary for generating economic growth, but insufficient to foster inclusive development. It also shows that the coffee-based agro-export model, while successful in terms of aggregate growth, reproduced external vulnerability and an asymmetric distribution of its benefits. These findings point to an apparent welfare paradox, whereby the gains from economic growth were distributed unevenly.
Suggested Citation
Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo, 2026.
"El desarrollo económico de Colombia desde finales de la Guerra de los Mil Días hasta la Gran Depresión,"
Cuadernos de Historia Económica
69, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
Handle:
RePEc:bdr:cheedt:69
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Keywords
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JEL classification:
- N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean
- N26 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Latin America; Caribbean
- O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean
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