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Labor Market Trajectories and Earnings Dynamics in Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Leonardo Fabio Morales
  • Sergio Ocampo
  • Samaniego de la Parra Brenda

Abstract

This paper analyzes formal labor earnings dynamics in Colombia using administrative Social Security records for the universe of formal workers from 2009 to 2024. We present stylized facts on formal earnings dispersion, growth, and volatility following the Global Repository of Income Dynamics framework. We find a modest decline in formal earnings concentration and stable overall dispersion, patterns comparable to those observed in the United States and Brazil. We show how individuals’ histories of attachment to the formal sector shape the levels of earnings inequality and volatility. We identify five distinct groups of individuals based on their formal sector attachment trajectories that explain most of the variation in formal participation. Earnings dispersion is concentrated among groups with low formal attachment, while those with high attachment display substantially lower, and more stable, earnings dispersion and are more likely to work at larger firms. Our findings highlight the central role of long-run formal attachment in shaping earnings dynamics. *** RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza la dinámica de los ingresos laborales formales en Colombia utilizando registros administrativos de la seguridad social para el universo de trabajadores formales entre 2009 y 2024. Presentamos hechos estilizados sobre la dispersión, el crecimiento y la volatilidad de los ingresos formales siguiendo el marco del Global Repository of Income Dynamics. Encontramos una disminución modesta en la concentración de los ingresos formales y una dispersión general estable, patrones comparables a los observados en Estados Unidos y Brasil. Mostramos cómo las historias individuales de vinculación al sector formal determinan los niveles de desigualdad y volatilidad de los ingresos. Identificamos cinco grupos distintos de individuos según sus trayectorias de vinculación al sector formal, que explican la mayor parte de la variación en la participación formal. La dispersión de los ingresos se concentra en los grupos con baja vinculación formal, mientras que aquellos con alta vinculación presentan una dispersión de ingresos sustancialmente menor y más estable, y tienen mayor probabilidad de trabajar en empresas más grandes. Nuestros resultados destacan el papel central de la vinculación formal de largo plazo en la configuración de la dinámica de los ingresos.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Fabio Morales & Sergio Ocampo & Samaniego de la Parra Brenda, 2026. "Labor Market Trajectories and Earnings Dynamics in Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1372, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1372
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J46 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Informal Labor Market

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