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Payroll Subsidies for SMEs in Informal Labor Markets

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Listed:
  • Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía
  • Luz A. Florez
  • Didier Hermida
  • Francisco Lasso-Valderrama
  • Leonardo Fabio Morales
  • José Pulido

Abstract

We study the impact of payroll subsidies targeting SMEs on labor market formalization in developing economies, where informal labor markets are prevalent. Our evidence is based on a payroll subsidy program in Colombia (PAEF-stage 2) targeting firms under 50 employees that subsidized up to 50% of the payroll. We exploit detailed administrative records, as well as the discontinuity in the eligibility threshold and the timing of the program implementation to estimate the causal effect of the program. Our findings indicate that the subsidy had a positive and persistent effect on formal employment. The impact is larger for industries receiving more subsidies but does not vary across employees’ gender. Cost-benefit analysis shows that the program was financially sustainable, with internal rates of return ranging from 58% to 169%. *****RESUMEN: En este trabajo se analiza el impacto de los subsidios a la nómina dirigidos a pequeñas y medianas empresas sobre la formalización laboral en una economía en desarrollo, donde los mercados laborales informales son predominantes. Nuestra evidencia se basa en la segunda fase del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo Formal (PAEF) en Colombia, que otorgó subsidios de hasta el 50% de la nómina a empresas con menos de 50 empleados. Se usan registros administrativos detallados, así como la discontinuidad en el umbral de elegibilidad y el momento de implementación del programa, para estimar su efecto causal. Los resultados indican que el subsidio tuvo un efecto positivo y persistente sobre el empleo formal. El impacto fue mayor en los sectores que recibieron mayores montos de subsidio, pero no presentó variaciones según el género de los trabajadores. El análisis costo-beneficio muestra que el programa fue financieramente sostenible, con tasas internas de retorno que oscilan entre el 58% y el 169%.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía & Luz A. Florez & Didier Hermida & Francisco Lasso-Valderrama & Leonardo Fabio Morales & José Pulido, 2025. "Payroll Subsidies for SMEs in Informal Labor Markets," Borradores de Economia 1338, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1338
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1338
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J68 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Public Policy
    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand

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