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Presupuesto de la nación y el balance fiscal del gobierno central: ¿cómo se relacionan y qué los diferencia?

Author

Listed:
  • Hernán Rincón-Castro
  • Steven Zapata-Álvarez

Abstract

Una relación básica que deberían conocer y entender las autoridades económicas, analistas de los asuntos fiscales y macroeconómicos e inversionistas, es aquella entre el presupuesto general de la nación y el balance fiscal del gobierno central. A pesar de su importancia y discusión continua, su conexión no se entiende con claridad y precisión. El objetivo del estudio es explicar de manera sencilla pero técnica y rigurosa las etapas del proceso de ejecución del presupuesto en Colombia, la medición actual del balance fiscal y la relación y diferencias entre ellos. El estudio muestra que, si bien existe una relación cercana entre ambos, la medida del balance fiscal incorpora ajustes contables, metodológicos y operacionales que no están en el presupuesto aprobado y que hacen que no sea fácil conectarlos, comprenderlos y evaluarlos. Por este motivo, se recomienda adoptar plenamente los estándares internacionales de contabilidad de devengo, con el fin de que se conviertan en las estadísticas de seguimiento y evaluación de la situación fiscal del gobierno. Esto permitiría alinear el presupuesto y el balance fiscal a principios y metodologías comunes y a generar mayor transparencia, credibilidad en las estadísticas y consistencia con la contabilidad pública y nacional. *****ABSTRACT: A basic relationship that economic authorities, fiscal and macroeconomic analysts, and investors should be aware of and understand is that between the nation's general budget and the central government's fiscal balance. Despite its importance and ongoing discussion, this connection is not clearly and precisely understood. The objective of this study is to explain in a simple yet technical and rigorous manner the stages of the budget execution process in Colombia, the current measurement of the fiscal balance, and the relationship and differences between them. The study shows that, although there is a close relationship between the two, the measurement of the fiscal balance incorporates accounting, methodological, and operational adjustments that are not included in the approved budget and that make them difficult to connect, understand, and evaluate. For this reason, it is recommended to fully adopt international accrual accounting standards so that they become the monitoring and evaluation statistics for the government's fiscal situation. This would align the budget and the fiscal balance with common principles and methodologies and generate greater transparency, credibility in statistics, and consistency with public and national accounting.

Suggested Citation

  • Hernán Rincón-Castro & Steven Zapata-Álvarez, 2025. "Presupuesto de la nación y el balance fiscal del gobierno central: ¿cómo se relacionan y qué los diferencia?," Borradores de Economia 1331, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1331
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1331
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    JEL classification:

    • H61 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Budget; Budget Systems
    • H62 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Deficit; Surplus

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