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Cross-Border Effects of Fed Capital Requirements on Emerging Market Banks’ Funding: The Colombian Case

Author

Listed:
  • Camilo Gómez
  • Mariana Escobar-Villarraga
  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra
  • Héctor M. Zárate-Solano

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of the Federal Reserve’s 2022 capital requirements on Colombian banks’ access to foreign credit lines. These measures, more stringent than in previous years, introduced a stronger stress capital buffer in response to global recession risks and inflationary pressures. A key contribution of the study is its distinction between the announcement, publication, and implementation phases of these regulations, highlighting how expectations, information flows, and uncertainty shape banks’ financial strategies. Using a Synthetic Difference-in-Differences (SDID) approach, the findings reveal that credit from affected U.S. banks declined significantly following the announcement, with further reductions observed as the enforcement date approached. Substitution effects partially mitigate this decline, offering insight into the global interconnectedness of financial systems and the broader implications of regulatory changes. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how capital regulations influence cross-border liquidity, capital allocation, and risk exposure, particularly in periods of heightened global uncertainty. *****RESUMEN: Este documento analiza el impacto de los requerimientos de capital de la Reserva Federal de 2022 en el acceso a líneas de crédito extranjeras a los bancos en Colombia. Estas medidas, más estrictas que en años anteriores, introdujeron un buffer de capital de estrés más sólido en respuesta a los riesgos de recesión global y las presiones inflacionarias. Una contribución clave del estudio es la diferenciación entre las fases de anuncio, publicación e implementación de estas regulaciones, indicando cómo las expectativas, la información y la incertidumbre moldean las estrategias financieras de los bancos. Utilizando una aproximación de Diferencias en Diferencias Sintéticas (SDID), los hallazgos indican que el crédito de los bancos estadounidenses afectados disminuyó significativamente tras el anuncio, con reducciones que se intensificaron cerca de la fecha de implementación. Los efectos de sustitución compensaron parcialmente esta disminución, indicando la importancia de la interconectividad global de los sistemas financieros y las consecuencias de las políticas regulatorias. El estudio proporciona una comprensión más profunda de cómo las restricciones de capital influyen en la liquidez transfronteriza, la asignación de capital y la exposición al riesgo durante períodos de elevada incertidumbre global.

Suggested Citation

  • Camilo Gómez & Mariana Escobar-Villarraga & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Héctor M. Zárate-Solano, 2025. "Cross-Border Effects of Fed Capital Requirements on Emerging Market Banks’ Funding: The Colombian Case," Borradores de Economia 1321, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1321
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1321
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    Keywords

    macroprudential capital restrictions; Fed; foreign capital funding; synthetic Difference-in-Differences; restricciones macroprudenciales de capital; Fed; financiamiento de capital extranjero; Diferencias en Diferencias Sintéticas.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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