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Panorama fiscal de las pensiones en Colombia

Author

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  • Julián A. Parra-Polanía
  • Jorge Llano
  • Santiago León
  • Iván Leonardo Urrea Rios

Abstract

En este documento extendemos el modelo económico usado en Parra et al. (2020) con el fin de incorporar dos grupos significativos que no fueron incluidos en el análisis original: los retirados cuya pensión es igual al salario mínimo y los individuos que no cumplen requisitos de pensión y, por tanto, obtienen una devolución de dinero (en cualquiera de los dos regímenes principales). Los resultados muestran un panorama similar al expuesto por Parra et al. (2020): si continúa en su estado actual, el sistema pensional colombiano se enfrentará en las próximas décadas a un aumento sustancial de la carga fiscal. Esta situación es principalmente causada por los grandes subsidios otorgados en el régimen de reparto y el deterioro de la capacidad de pago de ese régimen como resultado del envejecimiento poblacional. En ausencia de otras modificaciones en el sistema pensional, dos cambios socialmente deseables producirían un incremento considerable de la carga fiscal del mismo: i) el aumento de la cobertura pensional, (como resultado por ejemplo de un aumento en la formalidad laboral), y ii) el reconocimiento de los retornos reales a quienes no cumplen requisitos de pensión en el régimen de reparto. **** ABSTRACT: In this paper we extend the economic model used in Parra et al. (2020) to incorporate two significant groups that were not included in the original analysis: people who are retired with pension equivalent to the minimum wage and those who do not fulfill pension requirements and therefore get a refund of their contributions (in either of the two main retirement schemes). Our results show a similar outlook to that described by Parra et al. (2020): if the Colombian pension system remains in its current state, it will face a substantial increase in the tax burden in the next decades, mainly due to the large subsidies granted in the pay-as-you-go scheme and the deterioration of the payment capacity of this scheme due to population aging. In the absence of other modifications in the pension system, two socially desirable changes would generate an important increment of its fiscal burden: i) an increase of pension coverage (for instance as a result of an increase of formal employment) and ii) the recognition of real returns to those who do not meet pension requirements in the pay-as-you-go scheme.

Suggested Citation

  • Julián A. Parra-Polanía & Jorge Llano & Santiago León & Iván Leonardo Urrea Rios, 2023. "Panorama fiscal de las pensiones en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1229, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1229
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1229
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Santiago Montenegro & Jorge Llano & Diego Eslava & Karim Fajury & Juan Manuel Cáceres, 2018. "Un modelo para evaluar el sistema pensional colombiano," Documentos CEDE 16962, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
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      Keywords

      pensiones; análisis macroeconómico; panorama fiscal; régimen de reparto; régimen de capitalización; pensions; macroeconomic analysis; fiscal outlook; PAYG scheme; Fully Funded scheme.;
      All these keywords.

      JEL classification:

      • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
      • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
      • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
      • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
      • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models

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