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El uso de la inteligencia artificial por parte de las empresas españolas: avances recientes y factores asociados a su uso

Author

Listed:
  • Jacob Hess

    (Banco de España)

  • Diana Posada Restrepo

    (Banco de España)

Abstract

La adopción de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en las empresas españolas ha aumentado de forma significativa entre 2024 y 2026, aunque con gran heterogeneidad. Mientras las pequeñas y medianas empresas mantienen un uso mayoritariamente experimental, las grandes empresas muestran una utilización más intensiva, además de persistir en las diferencias por tamaño y sector. El impacto sobre el empleo es aún limitado, pero ya se observan mejoras en la productividad y la inversión. Las empresas adoptantes destacan por tener mayor productividad, salarios más altos y mayor peso de activos intangibles, lo que refleja la complementariedad con el capital humano cualificado. Los obstáculos a la adopción de la IA varían entre las empresas: entre las no adoptantes predominan las restricciones de recursos y la percepción de baja utilidad, mientras que un grupo más reducido enfrenta barreras técnicas o regulatorias.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacob Hess & Diana Posada Restrepo, 2026. "El uso de la inteligencia artificial por parte de las empresas españolas: avances recientes y factores asociados a su uso," Occasional Papers 2624, Banco de España.
    • Handle: RePEc:bde:opaper:2624
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.53479/44825
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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