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Fifty shades of state: Quantifying housing market regulations in Germany

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  • Konstantin Kholodilin

Abstract

The paper aims at measuring the rental housing market regulations in Germany between 1913 and 2015. Four classes of housing policy are considered: Rent controls, tenant protection, rationing of housing, and fostering of social housing. Based on a thorough analysis of federal and regional legislation, for each class, an index is constructed, increasing in degree of regulation. An average of the class-specific indices makes up a composite index. The index reflects dramatic increases in regulations during and immediately after the World Wars. Likewise, the 2010s are characterized by a surge in virtually all classes of regulations in Germany related to the growing housing scarcity in large cities due to intra- and international migration that leads to a geographical mismatch between housing supply and demand.

Suggested Citation

  • Konstantin Kholodilin, 2016. "Fifty shades of state: Quantifying housing market regulations in Germany," ERES eres2016_118, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    • Handle: RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2016_118
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    File URL: https://eres.architexturez.net/doc/oai-eres-id-eres2016-118
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    Cited by:

    1. Martin Groiss & Nicolas Syrichas, 2025. "Monetary Policy, Property Prices and Rents: Evidence from Local Housing Markets," Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers 0058, Berlin School of Economics.
    2. International Monetary Fund, 2016. "Germany: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2016/203, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Lars Vandrei, 2018. "Does Regulation Discourage Investors? Sales Price Effects of Rent Controls in Germany," ifo Working Paper Series 262, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    4. Bayar, Mehmet, 2016. "The impact of cultural diversity on the German housing market," Ruhr Economic Papers 662, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    5. Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Andreas Mense & Claus Michelsen, 2016. "Market Break or Simply Fake? Empirics on the Causal Effects of Rent Controls in Germany," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1584, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    6. Lorenz Thomschke, 2019. "Über die Evaluierung der Mietpreisbremse [On the evaluation of the German rental price break]," Zeitschrift für Immobilienökonomie (German Journal of Real Estate Research), Springer;Gesellschaft für Immobilienwirtschaftliche Forschung e. V., vol. 5(1), pages 21-36, November.
    7. Konstantin A. Kholodilin, 2016. "War, housing rents, and free market: Berlin's rental housing during World War I," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, vol. 20(3), pages 322-344.
    8. Weber, Jan Philip & Lee, Gabriel, . "On the Measure of Private Rental Market Regulation Index and its Effect on Housing Rents: Cross Country Evidence," Beiträge zur Immobilienwirtschaft, University of Regensburg, Department of Economics, number 21, August.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R3 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location

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