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Abstract
This paper describes backward productive linkages and its determinants for the foreign firms attracted by CINDE and others of the especial regime in Costa Rica. The linkages are defined as local transactions divided by total employees of each firm. With the “Registro de Variables Económicas” of the Central Bank of Costa Rica it is possible to observe transactions at the micro-level, and thus characterize linkages between 2008 and 2017. With diverse specifications of non-balanced panel data we found evidence in favor of greater linkages of the foreign, attracted by CINDE, and other firms in the especial regime relative to local firms. This supports the literature that says firms in developing countries have lower relative performance. Moreover, transactions on non-tradable goods and services are mainly done through local firms on the common regime. In contrast, foreign firms in the especial regimen are the ones that supply tradable goods and services to multinational firms. Particularly, services suppliers have increased in quantity and also have higher growths of their transaction amounts with all groups of multinationals attracted to the country. There is still a lot of margin to improve for the local firms to be the major suppliers in the key inputs needed by multinationals. Additionally, some costs of non-tradables could diminish competitiveness. The main example is the generation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy. We argue it is in the investments promotion where public policy could promote economic growth and higher linkages of Costa Rica and the global value chains. ***Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación es describir en detalle los encadenamientos productivos hacia atrás y sus determinantes económicos para las firmas extranjeras atraídas por la Coalición Costarricense de Iniciativas de Desarrollo (CINDE) y otras del régimen especial en Costa Rica. El encadenamiento productivo se define como el valor de las compras locales entre el número de trabajadores de estas firmas. Con el Registro de Variables Económicas del Banco Central de Costa Rica es posible observar a nivel microeconómico las diversas transacciones y por consiguiente caracterizar estos encadenamientos entre el 2008 y 2017. Con diversas especificaciones econométricas de datos de panel no balanceados se encuentra evidencia de que las firmas extranjeras, atraídas por CINDE y otras de zona franca, poseen más encadenamientos que las firmas locales. Esto respalda la literatura que señala un bajo rendimiento relativo de las firmas locales de países en vías de desarrollo. Se debe notar que las compras de bienes y servicios no transables se concentran en proveedores locales del régimen definitivo. En cambio, son firmas primordialmente extranjeras del régimen especial que operan en el país las que abastecen de bienes y servicios transables a las multinacionales. Particularmente, los proveedores de servicios han aumentado en cantidad y ha crecido el monto que transan con todas las agrupaciones de multinacionales atraídas al paísAún existe mucho margen de mejora para que sean proveedores de origen costarricense los que colaboren en mayor medida con los insumos y servicios necesarios en el proceso productivo de multinacionales. Además, algunos costos de bienes y servicios no transables podrían restar competitividad a Costa Rica. El principal ejemplo de esto es la generación, transmisión y distribución de energía eléctrica. Finalmente, esta investigación destaca que la promoción de inversión directa es vital para lograr el crecimiento económico y mayor participación de nuestro país en las cadenas globales de valor.
Suggested Citation
Grace Huertas-Morales & Kerry Loaiza-Marín & Laura Ortiz-Coto, 2022.
"Analysis of Productive Linkages of Multinational Enterprises Attracted by CINDE in Costa Rica,"
Documentos de Trabajo
2201, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
Handle:
RePEc:apk:doctra:2201
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JEL classification:
- L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General
- L80 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - General
- O19 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
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