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Assessing public debt sustainability for Costa Rica using the fiscal reaction function

Author

Listed:
  • Valerie Lankester-Campos

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

  • Kerry Loaiza-Marín

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

  • Carlos Monge-Badilla

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

Abstract

This paper empirically assesses Costa Rica’s public debt sustainability through three complementary approaches: the calculation of the debt-stabilizing primary fiscal balance obtained from the government’s intertemporal budget constraint; the estimation the parameters of a fiscal policy reaction function (FRF), following the methodology originally proposed by proposed by Bohn (2007); and the estimation of fan charts for the primary fiscal balance and public debt, both expressed as shares of GDP, following the approach proposed by Celasun et al. (2006). With annual data from 1974 until 2018, this paper finds that debt has been unsustainable for specific episodes in the long and short run. For the most recent observations, the conclusion is that debt trajectory is unsustainable. Given that a major fiscal reform was approved by the end of 2018, an uncertainty evaluation of its impact on the path of adjustment of primary balance, until 2023 and 2030, is included using the official estimated projections of the reform. The result shows that the maximum level of the debt ratio will be 68% in 2026, year from which its upward trend is reverted. ***Resumen: Esta investigación hace un análisis empírico sobre la sostenibilidad de la deuda soberana costarricense con base en tres enfoques complementarios: el cálculo del balance primario estabilizador del balance fiscal, que se obtiene de la restricción presupuestaria inter temporal del gobierno; la estimación de los parámetros de la función de reacción fiscal (FRF), con base en la metodología propuesta por Bohn (2007) y la estimación de gráficos de abanico para el balance fiscal primario y la deuda pública, como porcentajes del PIB, con base en la propuesta de Celasun et al. (2006). Con datos anuales desde 1974 hasta 2018, se muestra que el comportamiento de la deuda ha sido insostenible en diferentes momentos bajo el indicador de largo plazo, lo que se refleja también en la conducta de corto plazo. Para las observaciones más recientes, la conclusión es que la deuda tiene una trayectoria insostenible. Sin embargo, dado que a finales del 2018 se aprobó una reforma fiscal con cambios en ingresos y gastos, se agregó el análisis bajo incertidumbre de la trayectoria esperada de la deuda hasta el 2023 y 2030 con base en las proyecciones de dicho cambio regulatorio. El resultado muestra que el nivel más alto de la razón de deuda al PIB sería 68% en el 2026, momento a partir del cual se revierte la tendencia (al alza).

Suggested Citation

  • Valerie Lankester-Campos & Kerry Loaiza-Marín & Carlos Monge-Badilla, 2020. "Assessing public debt sustainability for Costa Rica using the fiscal reaction function," Documentos de Trabajo 2005, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:doctra:2005
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    File URL: https://repositorioinvestigaciones.bccr.fi.cr/handle/20.500.12506/338
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Enrique G. Mendoza & P. Marcelo Oviedo, 2009. "Public Debt, Fiscal Solvency and Macroeconomic Uncertainty in Latin America The Cases of Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico," Economía Mexicana NUEVA ÉPOCA, CIDE, División de Economía, vol. 0(2), pages 133-173, July-Dece.
    2. Julio Escolano, 2010. "A Practical Guide to Public Debt Dynamics, Fiscal Sustainability, and Cyclical Adjustment of Budgetary Aggregates," IMF Technical Notes and Manuals 10/02, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Henning Bohn, 1998. "The Behavior of U. S. Public Debt and Deficits," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 113(3), pages 949-963.
    4. Olivier Jean Blanchard, 1990. "Suggestions for a New Set of Fiscal Indicators," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 79, OECD Publishing.
    5. Bohn, Henning, 2007. "Are stationarity and cointegration restrictions really necessary for the intertemporal budget constraint?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(7), pages 1837-1847, October.
    6. Atish R. Ghosh & Jun I. Kim & Enrique G. Mendoza & Jonathan D. Ostry & Mahvash S. Qureshi, 2013. "Fiscal Fatigue, Fiscal Space and Debt Sustainability in Advanced Economies," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 0, pages 4-30, February.
    7. Mr. Julio Escolano, 2010. "A Practical Guide to Public Debt Dynamics, Fiscal Sustainability, and Cyclical Adjustment of Budgetary Aggregates," IMF Technical Notes and Manuals 2010/002, International Monetary Fund.
    8. Oya Celasun & Xavier Debrun & Jonathan D. Ostry, 2006. "Primary Surplus Behavior and Risks to Fiscal Sustainability in Emerging Market Countries: A "Fan-Chart" Approach," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 53(3), pages 1-3.
    9. Reinhard Neck & Jan-Egbert Sturm (ed.), 2008. "Sustainability of Public Debt," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262140985, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Valerie Lankester-Campos & Catalina Sandoval-Alvarado, 2021. "Interdependence between Fiscal and Monetary Policy: the case for Costa Rica," Documentos de Trabajo 2105, Banco Central de Costa Rica.

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    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E47 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • D84 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Expectations; Speculations

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