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The Effect of International Monetary Policy Expansions on Costa Rica

Author

Listed:
  • Jose Pablo Barquero-Romero

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

  • Pedro Isaac Chávez-López

    (Center for Latin American Monetary Studies)

Abstract

This paper studies if the international monetary policy has a major effect on the Costa Rican economy. The analysis is performed estimating a Structural Bayesian Vector Autoregression (SBVAR) and a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) small open economy model estimated with Bayesian Maximum Likelihood methods using data from 2000 to 2014.The SBVAR estimation provides evidence that shocks to US interest rates, US inflation and US output in conjunction accounts for the following share of fluctuations: 43.2%, of nominal exchange rates, 52.2% of Costa Rican interest rates, 35.1% of Costa Rican inflation, 51.4% of Costa Rican output, 36.7% of exports and 39.3% of imports.The DSGE model describes the mechanisms through which the local and foreign disturbances affect Costa Rica. An unexpected increase in the local interest rates means that the holding of local assets by the rest of the world increases, it also incentives savings, which means postponed consumption. Households substitute deposits, local and foreign currency, with government debt. As expected the substitution of savings by government debt means there is no greater investment in the economy due to an increase in the risk premium.Meanwhile an unexpected expansion in the US interest rate causes an outflow of resources from the economy, which along with the interest rate increase causes a currency depreciation and an increase in the local interest rate. Therefore consumption decreases and exports increase. ***Resumen: Este documento estudia si la política monetaria internacional, específicamente de los Estados Unidos de América, tiene efectos importantes sobre la economía de Costa Rica. En el análisis realizado se utiliza una estimación de Vectores Auto regresivos Estructurales Bayesianos (SBVAR) y un modelo Dinámico Estocástico de Equilibrio General (DSGE) para una economía abierta pequeña estimado con métodos Bayesianos de Máxima Verosimilitud utilizando datos del 2000 al 2014.La estimación SBVAR provee evidencia de que choques a las tasas de interés, la inflación y el crecimiento del producto de Estados Unidos en conjunto, explican el 43.2% por ciento de las variaciones en el tipo de cambio nominal de Costa Rica, el 52.2% en la tasa de interés, el 35.1% de la inflación, el 51.4% del crecimiento del producto, el 36.7% de las exportaciones y el 39.3% de las importaciones, todas para el caso de Costa Rica.Por su parte, el modelo DSGE describe los mecanismos mediante los cuales perturbaciones locales y externas afectan la economía de Costa Rica. Un incremento en la tasa de interés local implica que la tenencia de activos locales por el resto del mundo aumenta lo cual también incentiva el ahorro que por su parte significa posponer el consumo. Los hogares sustituyen depósitos, locales y extranjeros, con deuda del gobierno. Como es de esperar la sustitución de ahorros por deuda del gobierno implica que no incrementa la inversión dado el aumento en la prima por riesgo.Un aumento no esperado en las tasas de interés internacionales causa una salida de recursos de la economía, lo cual, junto con el aumento en las tasas de interés, causa una depreciación de la moneda y un incremento de la tasa de interés local. Por lo tanto, el consumo cae y las exportaciones se incrementan.

Suggested Citation

  • Jose Pablo Barquero-Romero & Pedro Isaac Chávez-López, 2019. "The Effect of International Monetary Policy Expansions on Costa Rica," Documentos de Trabajo 1803, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:doctra:1803
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Renzo Rossini & Marco Vega, 2008. "The monetary policy transmission mechanism under financial dollarisation: the case of Peru 1996-2006," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Transmission mechanisms for monetary policy in emerging market economies, volume 35, pages 395-412, Bank for International Settlements.
    2. Alejandro Justiniano & Bruce Preston, 2010. "Monetary policy and uncertainty in an empirical small open-economy model," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(1), pages 93-128.
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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