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Stylized Facts of the Costa Rican Economy: 1991-2012

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Chaverri-Morales

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

  • Adolfo Rodríguez-Vargas

    (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

Abstract

In this study, we present a description of the main stylized facts of the Costa Rican economy for the 1991-2012 period. This information is needed to have a better understanding of the business cycle by analyzing the volatility and co-movement of key macroeconomic variables. Five economic cycles have been identified, with decreasing length of its expansion and contraction phases. These cycles are explained both by internal factors as external factors: the effect of terms-of-trade variations, aggregate demand unbalances, adverse weather conditions and the impact of the international economic crises of 1997, 2001 and 2009. We found that the cycle of most industries is coincident with the GDP cycle. There is evidence, however, that the cycles of two industries (electricity and water, and mines and quarries) lead the GDP cycle, which makes them suitable inputs for the calculation of leading indicators of economic activity. The dependence of the Costa Rican economy on foreign demand is mirrored on a high contemporaneous correlation between the GDP cycle and that of exports, particularly of goods. Furthermore, the exports cycle is more volatile than that of the product. The correlations of inflation and unemployment indicators point to the existence of a Phillips-curve relationship in the Costa Rican economy, in which inflation responds with a lag of 4 quarters to movements in the product. Changes in GDP are associated with changes in an indicator of Central Bank monetary policy rate occurred 2 quarters before. The observed correlations do not suggest that supply factors are relevant in explaining the cycles in the Costa Rican economy. It has been found that the cycle of the employment in the tradable sectors leads the GDP cycle by 1-2 quarters and is less volatile than that of non-tradables. ***Resumen: En el presente estudio se realiza una descripción de los principales hechos estilizados de la economía costarricense entre los años 1991-2012. Al igual que en otros países, esta información es necesaria para entender de mejor forma los ciclos económicos a partir de las volatilidades y co-movimientos de las principales variables macroeconómicas. Se ha identificado cinco ciclos económicos completos, en los que la duración de las fases de expansión y contracción de la actividad económica se ha venido reduciendo. Los factores comunes que explican el comportamiento de los ciclos son de índole tanto interna como externa: los efectos de los términos de intercambio, desequilibrios de demanda agregada, efectos climáticos adversos y los impactos de las crisis económicas internacionales como las acontecidas en 1997, 2001 y 2009. Se encontró que la mayoría de industrias que componen el PIB son coincidentes con el ciclo del producto. Sin embargo, hay evidencia de que el ciclo de dos industrias (electricidad y agua, y minas y canteras) adelanta al ciclo del producto, lo cual resulta de interés por cuanto podrían utilizarse como insumo en la elaboración de indicadores adelantados de la actividad económica. La dependencia de la economía costarricense de la demanda externa se refleja en una alta correlación contemporánea entre el ciclo del producto y el ciclo de las exportaciones, en especial de bienes. Además, el ciclo de las exportaciones es más variable que el del producto. Las correlaciones de las medidas de inflación y del desempleo apoyan la existencia de una relación de curva de Phillips en la economía costarricense, con la inflación respondiendo 4 trimestres después de movimientos en el producto. Cambios en el producto se asocian con aumentos en el indicador de tasa de política monetaria del Banco Central ocurridos 2 trimestres antes. Las correlaciones observadas no aportan evidencia de que factores de oferta sean importantes en la explicación de los ciclos de la economía costarricense. Se ha determinado que el empleo en los sectores transables lidera al producto entre 1 y 2 trimestres y resulta menos volátil que en los sectores no transables.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Chaverri-Morales & Adolfo Rodríguez-Vargas, 2014. "Stylized Facts of the Costa Rican Economy: 1991-2012," Documentos de Trabajo 1305, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:doctra:1305
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    File URL: https://repositorioinvestigaciones.bccr.fi.cr/handle/20.500.12506/95
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kydland, Finn E & Prescott, Edward C, 1982. "Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(6), pages 1345-1370, November.
    2. repec:ecr:col031:4945 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Finn E. Kydland & Edward C. Prescott, 1990. "Business cycles: real facts and a monetary myth," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, vol. 14(Spr), pages 3-18.
    4. Gerhard Bry & Charlotte Boschan, 1971. "Cyclical Analysis of Time Series: Selected Procedures and Computer Programs," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number bry_71-1.
    5. Gerhard Bry & Charlotte Boschan, 1971. "Foreword to "Cyclical Analysis of Time Series: Selected Procedures and Computer Programs"," NBER Chapters, in: Cyclical Analysis of Time Series: Selected Procedures and Computer Programs, pages -1, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    JEL classification:

    • E20 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles

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