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The Making of Modern Latin American Agriculture: A Long-Run Perspective (1870-2020)

Author

Listed:
  • Miguel Martín-Retortillo

    (Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Economía. Alcalá, Spain)

  • Vicente Pinilla

    (Universidad de Zaragoza. Departamento de Economía Aplicada e Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2). Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Jackeline Velazco

    (Universitat de Girona. Girona, Spain. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Departamento de Economía. Perú.)

  • Henry Willebald

    (Universidad de la República. Instituto de Economía. Uruguay.)

Abstract

Latin American agriculture has been fundamental to understanding the region’s long-run economic development. Historically, both agricultural output and productivity have experienced substantial growth. Divergences in geographical characteristics—such as climate, altitude, and terrain ruggedness—alongside institutional frameworks, agrarian reforms, and varying patterns of integration into global markets, have fostered distinct national experiences and varying degrees of developmental persistence. This work examines these overarching trends in Latin American agriculture from 1870 to 2020, while accounting for country-specific heterogeneities. Factors such as exposure to international markets, technological shifts during the first wave of globalization and the subsequent Green Revolution, institutional transformations, and adaptation to local environmental and geographical conditions have collectively shaped the evolution of Latin American agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Miguel Martín-Retortillo & Vicente Pinilla & Jackeline Velazco & Henry Willebald, 2026. "The Making of Modern Latin American Agriculture: A Long-Run Perspective (1870-2020)," Documentos de Trabajo (DT-AEHE) 2604, Asociación Española de Historia Económica.
    • Handle: RePEc:ahe:dtaehe:2604
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • N56 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • Q10 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - General

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