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O Custo De Transporte Como Barreira Ao Comércio Na Integração Econômica: O Caso Do Nordeste

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  • De Almeida, Eduardo Simoes
  • Guilhoto, Joaquim

Abstract

O foco da estratégia de integração do governo brasileiro nos últimos anos está na tentativa de acordos de integração econômica externa tanto em negociações Norte-Sul quanto Sul-Sul. Contudo, tais negociações – quer no âmbito da Rodada de Doha, quer no âmbito de blocos regionais (Alca, Mercosul etc.) – enfrentam sérias dificuldades para a sua concretização, além de uma extrema morosidade. Em vista disso, a opção da integração econômica interna pode ser uma saída para esse impasse no sentido de ser uma fonte de ganhos de bem-estar social e de promoção de eqüidade regional. Essa opção depende apenas da disposição do governo brasileiro e a lógica da estratégia de uma integração interna baseia-se na redução dos custos de transporte, entendidos como sendo uma barreira ao comércio interestadual. Uma comparação dos resultados da integração econômica interna com a externa, tendo como foco a economia do Nordeste, mostra-se relevante nesse momento. Para simular opções de integração econômica, foi elaborado o modelo BRASIL-SPACE, um modelo EGAE para análise de políticas de integração econômica no país e com destaque para a economia do Nordeste. Esse modelo incorpora explicitamente os custos de transporte como uma barreira de comércio. A estrutura teórica do modelo está desenvolvida para as cinco macroregiões brasileiras e cinco regiões externas (Nafta, Ásia, União Européia com 25 membros, a Alcsa composta pelos países sul-americanos e o resto do mundo). O modelo compreende três fatores de produção, a saber, mão-de-obra, capital humano e outros fatores. Foram simulados diversos experimentos controlados de políticas de integração econômica tanto externa quanto interna com o objetivo de se analisar quais são as melhores opções de integração abertas ao País e para o Nordeste, avaliadas sob o prisma da eficiência econômica e da eqüidade regional.

Suggested Citation

  • De Almeida, Eduardo Simoes & Guilhoto, Joaquim, 2006. "O Custo De Transporte Como Barreira Ao Comércio Na Integração Econômica: O Caso Do Nordeste," 44th Congress, July 23-27, 2006, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil 146589, Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administracao e Sociologia Rural (SOBER).
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:sobr06:146589
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.146589
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    1. Honorio Kume & Guida Piani & Pedro Miranda & Marta Castilho, 2004. "Acordo De Livre Comércio Mercosul - União Européia: Uma Estimativa Dos Impactos No Comércio Brasileiro," Anais do XXXII Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 32nd Brazilian Economics Meeting] 082, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade;

    JEL classification:

    • R15 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Methods
    • N7 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services

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