IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/afa/wpaper/2229.html

Financial Development and Economic Growth in Botswana: New Evidence from Disaggregated Data

Author

Listed:
  • M.T. Musakwa

    (University of South Africa)

  • N.M. Odhiambo

    (University of South Africa)

Abstract

In this study, the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in Botswana is re-examined using disaggregated data from 1980 to 2020 on financial development. The importance of financial development and economic growth in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) cannot be overemphasised. Between economic growth and financial development, the ability to influence the right variable allows policy makers in Botswana to achieve the desired economic growth levels that make achieving SDGs possible. Financial development is measured at an aggregate level by the Financial Development Index (FDI) and at a disaggregate level by the Financial Institution Index (FII) and Financial Market Index (FMI) from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) financial development index database. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration and ECM-based causality, the study found no distinct causal flow between economic growth and financial development. The study did find an indirect causal flow from economic growth to financial development through the gross fixed capital formation link, thereby confirming the financial demand hypothesis. This finding points to the importance for Botswana to continue with the Vision 2036 and the National Development Plans that focus, among other goals, on economic growth, to realise an increase in gross fixed capital formation and financial development.

Suggested Citation

  • M.T. Musakwa & N.M. Odhiambo, 2022. "Financial Development and Economic Growth in Botswana: New Evidence from Disaggregated Data," Working Papers 2229, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI).
    • Handle: RePEc:afa:wpaper:2229
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://aesri.org/RePEc/afa/afa-wpaper/AESRI-2229-Final.pdf
    File Function: Revised version, 2026
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hui An & Qianmiao Zou & Mohamed Kargbo, 2021. "Impact of financial development on economic growth: Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(2), pages 226-260, June.
    2. Anwar, Sajid & Sun, Sizhong, 2011. "Financial development, foreign investment and economic growth in Malaysia," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 335-342, August.
    3. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    4. Eugene Iheanacho, 2016. "The Impact of Financial Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria: An ARDL Analysis," Economies, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-12, November.
    5. Hsueh, Shun-Jen & Hu, Yu-Hau & Tu, Chien-Heng, 2013. "Economic growth and financial development in Asian countries: A bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 294-301.
    6. Jagadish Prasad Bist, 2018. "Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of 16 African and non-African low-income countries," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 1449780-144, January.
    7. Edmunds Čižo & Olga Lavrinenko & Svetlana Ignatjeva, 2020. "Analysis of the relationship between financial development and economic growth in the EU countries," Insights into Regional Development, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 2(3), pages 645-660, September.
    8. Ouyang, Yaofu & Li, Peng, 2018. "On the nexus of financial development, economic growth, and energy consumption in China: New perspective from a GMM panel VAR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 238-252.
    9. António Afonso & M. Carmen Blanco-Arana, 2018. "Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Study for OECD Countries in the Context of Crisis," Working Papers REM 2018/46, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    10. Md abdul Wadud, 2009. "Financial development and economic growth: a cointegration and error-correction modeling approach for south Asian countries," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 29(3), pages 1670-1677.
    11. De Gregorio, Jose & Guidotti, Pablo E., 1995. "Financial development and economic growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 433-448, March.
    12. Kedibonye Sekakela, 2018. "Financial Development and Economic Growth in Botswana," Working Papers 57, Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis.
    13. Md. Qamruzzaman & Wei Jianguo, 2018. "Nexus between financial innovation and economic growth in South Asia: evidence from ARDL and nonlinear ARDL approaches," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 4(1), pages 1-19, December.
    14. Khalil Mhadhbi & Chokri Terzi & Ali Bouchrika, 2020. "Banking sector development and economic growth in developing countries: a bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(6), pages 2817-2836, June.
    15. Narayan, Paresh Kumar & Narayan, Seema, 2013. "The short-run relationship between the financial system and economic growth: New evidence from regional panels," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 70-78.
    16. Sajid Anwar & Lan Nguyen, 2011. "Financial development and economic growth in Vietnam," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 35(3), pages 348-360, July.
    17. Edmunds Čižo & Olga Lavrinenko & Svetlana Ignatjeva, 2020. "Analysis of the relationship between financial development and economic growth in the EU countries," Post-Print hal-03121415, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yakubu, Ibrahim Nandom, 2022. "Exploring the Drivers of Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Interactive Effect of Globalization and Financial Development," MPRA Paper 115230, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Mohammad Mafizur Rahman & Xuan-Binh (Benjamin) Vu & Son Nghiem, 2022. "Economic Growth in Six ASEAN Countries: Are Energy, Human Capital and Financial Development Playing Major Roles?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Chow, Sheung Chi & Vieito, João Paulo & Wong, Wing Keung, 2019. "Do both demand-following and supply-leading theories hold true in developing countries?," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 513(C), pages 536-554.
    4. Jagadish Prasad Bist & Nar Bahadur Bista, 2018. "Finance–Growth Nexus in Nepal: An Application of the ARDL Approach in the Presence of Structural Breaks," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 43(4), pages 236-249, December.
    5. Muhammad Halilintar, 2018. "Cooperatives and Economic Growth in Indonesia," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2), pages 611-622.
    6. Tian, Renfang & Xu, Jingjing & Feng, Hui & McFarlane, Adian, 2024. "A maximum entropy bootstrap approach to financial development and economic growth in China," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 48(4).
    7. Christian Pinshi, 2020. "On the causal nature between financial development and economic growth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Is it supply leading or demand following?," Working Papers hal-02898899, HAL.
    8. PINSHI, Christian P. & KABEYA, Anselme M., 2020. "Financial development and Economic growth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : Supply leading or Demand following?," MPRA Paper 101459, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Hung, Ngo Thai, 2023. "Green investment, financial development, digitalization and economic sustainability in Vietnam: Evidence from a quantile-on-quantile regression and wavelet coherence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 186(PB).
    10. Wahidin, Deni & Akimov, Alexandr & Roca, Eduardo, 2021. "The impact of bond market development on economic growth before and after the global financial crisis: Evidence from developed and developing countries," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    11. Shahzad Hussain & Ajid ur Rehman & Sabeeh Ullah & Abdul Waheed & Shoaib Hassan, 2024. "Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: Comparative Panel Evidence from Developed and Developing Asian Countries," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(1), pages 21582440241, February.
    12. Aremo, Adeleke Gabriel & Arambada, Oluwaseun David, 2021. "Effect of Trade Openness and Financial Openness on Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 9(01), January.
    13. Lawrence U. Okoye & Alexander E. Omankhanlen & Johnson I. Okoh & Uchechukwu E. Okorie & Felix N. Ezeji & Benjamin I. Ehikioya & Gideon K. Ezu, 2021. "Effect of Energy Utilization and Financial Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(2), pages 392-401.
    14. Isaac Appiah‐Otoo & Na Song, 2022. "Finance‐growth nexus: New insight from Ghana," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 2682-2723, July.
    15. Zahid Mehmood Akhtar & Dr. Faid Gul & Dr. Fauzia Mubarak, 2024. "Economic Growth and Financial Intermediation Nexus in Pakistan: An ARDL Analysis," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(1), pages 542-551.
    16. Talknice Saungweme & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2020. "The impact of public debt service on economic growth: empirical evidence from Zambia," International Journal of Revenue Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 11(3), pages 172-189.
    17. , Aisdl, 2019. "Stock Market And Economic Growth In Vietnam," OSF Preprints ucbhp, Center for Open Science.
    18. Fernando Zanella & Peter Oyelere & David McMillan, 2021. "Is financial development crucial for all economies?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 1923883-192, January.
    19. Anwar, Amar & Iwasaki, Ichiro, 2022. "The Finance–Growth Nexus inAsia : A Meta-Analytic Approach," CEI Working Paper Series 2022-03, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    20. Mai, Nhat Chi, 2019. "Stock Market And Economic Growth In Vietnam," OSF Preprints de8zq, Center for Open Science.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:afa:wpaper:2229. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Prof Nicholas M Odhiambo (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://aesri.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.