Tax Deductions on Personal Income Tax as a Factor in Sustainable Development and Ensuring the State’s Social Function

The research presents the results of a study aimed at revealing the essence of tax deductions on personal income tax as tools for sustainable development and ensuring the state’s social function. The authors of this research used general scientific methods, including comparison, analysis, synthesis, graphic presentation of information, etc. The research subject is tax deductions provided to taxpayers when calculating personal income tax. The authors analyzed the provision of the amounts of standard, social, and property deductions according to information data from the Federal Tax Service of Russia for 2023 as compared with data from similar periods for 2021 and 2022. The digital instruments of the Federal Tax Service are disclosed, which made it possible to achieve positive results affecting the growth of the amount of application of tax deductions. The authors identified problem areas that reduce the social significance of tax deductions used in calculating personal income tax. The authors note that the elimination of existing shortcomings in the process of tax administration in the provision of tax deductions and the development of digital tools can contribute to the creation of a fairer and more effective tax system that considers the needs of people with different income levels and regional characteristics and ensures further implementation of the established indicators of sustainable development of Russia.