The Integration of Russian-Speaking Immigrants to Finland: A Social Psychological Perspective

Russian-speakers represent the oldest and biggest immigrant group in Finland, with the majority of them having migrated to the country after the collapse of the Soviet Union in early 1990s. This chapter gives an overview of their integration with a focus on social psychological studies. Integration is a multifaceted phenomenon that includes immigrants’ acquisition of new sociocultural skills, forming of new social relationships, and psychological adjustment. When looking at integration from these perspectives, Russian-speaking immigrants have adjusted quite well. They form and cherish ties to both Finnish society and Russian culture, and have a positive outlook on their future in Finland. However, there are challenges too: Russian-speakers often face mistrust and discrimination in the labor market and other spheres of life. The studies reviewed here show that engaging in positive intergroup contact with majority Finns is crucial for the integration of Russian-speakers, as it promotes their adaptation and fuels positive attitudes toward the Finnish majority and other immigrant groups living in the country. In line with recommendations given by minority rights experts and international organizations, we conclude that the integration efforts of this significant and rapidly growing immigrant group should be met with a more efficient and holistic integration program.