The Role of Green Logistics in Reducing Inequality (SDG 10) Through Corporate Social Responsibility

In the context of the global shift toward sustainable and inclusive development, this study examines how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) mediates the influence of economic, environmental, and regulatory drivers on green logistics strategies. Drawing from stakeholder, legitimacy, and social innovation theories, CSR is conceptualized as a response mechanism that enables firms to integrate social equity into their supply chain operations. Using a qualitative approach, the research investigates the interplay between external institutional pressures and internal CSR initiatives that lead to inclusive logistics outcomes, particularly in relation to Sustainable Development Goal 10 (SDG 10) on reducing inequality. Data were collected through a review of ESG disclosures and case studies from DHL, Unilever, and Apple, along with expert interviews from the manufacturing sector. The findings indicate that CSR not only reflects organizational values but also serves as a key operational bridge that transforms macro pressures into logistics practices aligned with equity and inclusion. The proposed model—[Economic, Environmental, Regulatory] → CSR → Green Logistics → SDG 10—offers a conceptual framework for both academic research and policy planning. Finally, the study identifies practical indicators for future empirical research, suggesting that metrics such as CO₂ reduction, inclusion in hiring, and ESG investment ratios can help assess the effectiveness of CSR-driven logistics strategies in addressing social inequality.