Special Aspects of the Loan Agreement in the Conditions of the Slovak Republic

According to the economic theory financial instrument is described as any contract resulting in the emergence of financial assets of one contracting party and the financial commitment of the other contracting party. In a simplified way, it can be said that a financial instrument is also a tradable asset, such as a security or a claims arising from a loan. Fundamental financial instrument used in every market economy is proving loans to customers. In the conditions of the Slovak Republic it is a contractual type primarily regulated by the Commercial Code with the legal regulation contained in the Civil Code. In this paper, the authors focus on the legislative aspects of the loan agreement, which has found its full potential in banking activities. Despite this fact, the legal theorists do not write a lot about this topic. The authors therefore examine through scientific and doctrinal interpretation the selected provisions of the Commercial Code, the Civil Code and other legal regulations related to the issue of this type of contract. With the help of scientific literature and case law, they will provide answers to application problems. Last but not least, they compare legal regulations of the loan agreement and the credit agreement and point out the differences. The study of selected issues related to the loan agreement in the conditions of the Slovak Republic represents the main objective of this contribution, which in its essence also affects the area of economics or financial management.