Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health

The Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health is the ultimate resource on the subject of public health and epidemiology. The sixth edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, offering a global and comprehensive perspective on wide ranging public health needs and priorities in modern health care. The sixth edition, available both in print and online, retains its approach of dividing the complex, dynamic subject of public health into three topics. 'The Scope of Public Health' discusses the development of the discipline, determinants of health and disease, public health policies, and law and ethics. Next, the textbook focuses on 'The Methods of Public Health', including the main science behind the discipline - epidemiology. Finally, 'The Practice of Public Health', examines specific public health problems and the options for prevention and control. As well as identifying these issues by system or disease, there is also an awareness of the unique needs of particular population groups. New topics in this edition include: Climate change, genetic testing and epidemiology; new methods for measuring the burden of disease; life course approaches to epidemiology, behavioural economics; and physical activity, health and wellbeing. Two new editors, Quarraisha Abdool Karim (South Africa) and Chorh Chuan Tan (Singapore), join the established editor team of Roger Detels (USA), and Martin Gulliford (UK), representing a truly global outlook. The contributors are experts who have been drawn from around the world, offering perspectives from vastly different health systems with ranging public health needs and priorities. The Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health remains the most comprehensive, accessible text in the field, and is an essential reference for students and practitioners in public health and epidemiology. This print edition of Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health comes with a year's access to the online version on Oxford Medicine Online. By activating your unique access code, you can read and annotate the full text online, follow links from the references to primary research materials, and view, enlarge and download all the figures and tables. Oxford Medicine Online is mobile optimized for access when and where you need it. Contributors to this volume - Quarraisha Abdool-Karim, Associate Scientific Director, CAPRISA; Professor in Epidemiology, Columbia University, USA; Adjunct Professor in Public Health and Family Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Maia Ambegaokar, Principal, Health Governance, Policy Planning Management consultancy, Sydney, Australia Anne-Emmanuelle Ambresin, Senior Resident, Multidisciplinary Unit for Adolescent Health, University Hospital/CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland Ian Anderson Murrup Barak, Melbourne Institute for Indigenous Development, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Elena M. Andresen, Interim Dean, Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, and Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA Tar-Ching Aw, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates Gunilla Backman, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Stockholm, Sweden Rajiv Bahl, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Lope H. Barrero, Department of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia Natalie Bartle, NHS Trust Development Authority, Midlands and East, UK Catherine R. Bateman Steel, School of Social Sciences at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Frances Baum, Director of the Southgate Institute of Health, Society and Equity at Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia Yoav Ben-Shlomo, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Douglas Bettcher, Director, Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Raj Bhopal, Edinburgh Ethnicity and Health Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Robert Harding Chair in Global Child Health & Policy, Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Canada; Founding Director, Centre of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan Marike Boezen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, Netherlands Chapter 8.3 Chronic obstructive respiratory disease and asthma Paolo Boffetta Director of the Institute for Translational Epidemiology at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA Chris Bonell, Department of Childhood, Families and Health, Institute of Education, University of London, UK Cynthia Boschi-Pinto, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; and Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil James Bowen, Medical Director, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA Naima Bradley, Public Health England, Chilton, UK Richard Brennan, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Benjamin Bristow, Mount Sinai Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Collin Brooks, Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand James W. Buehler, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Wylie Burke, Professor, Department of Bioethics and Humanities, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Julie E. Byles, Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, at the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Rona Campbell, Director of the Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement-DECIPHer, School for Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK Simon Carroll, Community Health Promotion Research Centre, University of Victoria, BC, Canada Richard F. Catalano Jr., Director, Social Development Research Group Bartley Dobb Professor for the Study and Prevention of Violence PhD, University of Washington Richard E. Chaisson, Center for TB Research, Center for Global Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Margaret Chan, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Leda Chatzi, Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Chien-Jen Chen, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan Peter Cherutich, National AIDS & STI Control Programme- NASCOP, Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya Gavin J. Churchyard, Aurum Institute, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa; and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Sarah Clark, School of Public Policy at the Department of Political Science, University College London, London, UK Mike Clarke, Director of the MRC Hub for Trials Methodology Research at the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK Thomas Clasen, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK Hoosen Coovadia, MatCH (Maternal Adolescent and Child Health) at the University of Witwatersrand, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Durban, South Africa Sue Crengle, Senior Lecturer, Te Kupenga Hauora Maori, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Bernadette Daelmans, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Julia Dalzell, Program Director at the Center for Food Law and Policy, Los Angeles, CA, USA Manuel M. Dayrit, Dean, Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines Katherine DeLand, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Don Des Jarlais, The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA Roger Detels, Distinguished Professor of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Nancy Devlin, Director of Research, Office of Health Economics, London, UK Judith Diers, Chief, Adolescent Development and Participation, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA Ana V. Diez Roux, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Allan Donner, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Jeroen Douwes, Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand David W. Dowdy, Center for TB Research, Center for Global Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Lesley Doyal, Centre for Health and Social Care at the School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Ernest Drucker, Director of the Division of Public Health and Policy Research, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Mohan J. Dutta, Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Lars Ehlers, Danish Center for Healthcare Improvements, Faculty of Social Science & Faculty of Health Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark John W. Farquhar C.F. Rehnborg Professor in Disease Prevention and Professor of Medicine and Health Research and Policy, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Jonathan Feelemyer, The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA Louise Finer, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons, London, UK Baruch Fischhoff, Howard Heinz University Professor, Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Dan W. Fitzgerald, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA Julio Frenk, Dean of the Faculty, T&G Angelopoulos Professor of Public Health and International Development, Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA Irwin Friedman, The Health Programme of the SEED Trust, Durban, South Africa Lawrence M. Friedman, Independent Consultant, Rockville, MD, USA Jonathan Garcia, Center for the Study of Culture, Politics and Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA Patricia J. Garcia, Dean, School of Public Health and Administration (FASPA), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru Bernard D. Goldstein, Dean Emeritus, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Octavio Gomez-Dantes, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Block, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico Fernando Gonzalez-Martinez, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Lawrence Gostin, Faculty Director, O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Washington, DC; Director, WHO Collaborating Center on Public Health Law & Human Rights; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; based at Georgetown Law, Washington, DC, USA Lawrence W. Green, Professor, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics at the University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA Adele Green, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Sander Greenland, Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA Sian Griffiths, Faculty of Medicine at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Emily Grundy, London School of Economics, London, UK Martin Gulliford, Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK John Gulliver, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Davidson H. Hamer, Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University; Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Boston, MA; Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA Christopher Hamlin, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA Piya Hanvoravongchai, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Rebecca Hardy, MRC National Survey of Health and Development at the MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK Deborah Hassin, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA David L. Heymann, Chairman, Health Protection Agency, London, UK Robert A. Hiatt, Professor and Chair, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics at the University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA Marcia Hills, Community Health Promotion Research Centre, University of Victoria, BC, Canada Gavin Hitchcock, South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch, South Africa Sai-Yin Ho, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Kristin S. Hoeft, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics at the University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA Katherine J. Hoggatt, Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA San Hone, Assistant Director, National Aids Control Program, Disease Control Complex, Department of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar Kees de Hoogh, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Paul Hunt, School of Law, University of Essex, Colchester, UK Anne Huvos, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Adnan Hyder, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Injury Research Unit, Baltimore, MD, USA Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand Richard J. Jackson, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA W. Philip T. James, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, International Association for the Study of Obesity (IASO), London, UK Rachel Jewkes, Director, MRC Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa Gavin W. Jones, Director, J. Y. Pillay Comparative Asia Research Centre, Singapore Mary L. Kamb, Associate Director for Global Activities, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Nancy Kass, Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Nicholas S. Kelley, Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Michael P. Kelly, The Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Judd B. Kessler, Business Economics and Public Policy Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Leeka Kheifets, Department of Epidemiology at UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA Rajat Khosla, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland Muin J. Khoury, Director, Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Ann Marie Kimball, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA Robert J. Kim-Farley, Director, Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Los Angeles County Public Health; Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Mary Kay Kindhauser World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Bartha M. Knoppers, Director, Centre of Genomics and Policy, Canada Research Chair in Law and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Manolis Kogevinas, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain; and National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece David Koh, Assistant Vice-Chancellor, Vice-President and Chair Professor, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei; Professor, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore Dragana Korljan, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland Diana Kuh, MRC National Survey of Health and Development at the MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK Walter A. Kukull, Director, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC), Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Ronald Labonte, Canada Research Chair and Globalization/ Health Equity; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Tai-hing Lam, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Carlo La Vecchia, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy Hin-Peng Lee, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore Chien Earn Lee, Chief Executive Officer, Changi General Hospital; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore Kelley Lee, Director of Global Health and Associate Dean, Research Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada Vernon J. M. Lee, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore Tinne Lernout, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Barry S. Levy, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Gemma Lien, Public Health England, London, UK Peter Littlejohns, Department of Primary Care & Public Health Sciences at King's College London, London, UK Donald J. Lollar, Professor, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA Adetokunbo Lucas, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA Johan P. Mackenbach, Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands Alex Macmillan, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Rui T. Marinho, Gastroenterology department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal Tim Marsh, UK Health Forum, London, UK Zoe Marshman, Dental Public Health, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK Jose Martines, Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway Elizabeth Mason, Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK. Formerly World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Kedar S. Mate, Country Director, IHI South Africa Program at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA Jill Meara, Public Health England, Chilton, UK Judith Bueno de Mesquita, Human Rights Centre, School of Law, University of Essex, Colchester, UK Pierre-Andre Michaud, Chief, Multidisciplinary Unit for Adolescent Health University Hospital/CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland Mark R. Montgomery, Senior Associate of the Population Council, New York, NY; Professor of Economics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Stephen Morris, Chair of Health Economics, Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, UK Alvaro Munoz, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Miguel Munoz-Laboy, School of Social Work, College of Health Professions and Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Michael Murphy, London School of Economics, London, UK Christopher J.L. Murray, Director, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Virginia Murray, Public Health England, London, UK Ruth Nduati, School of Medicine at the College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya Alfred I. Neugut, Department of Epidemiology at the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA F. Javier Nieto, Chair of the Department of Population Health Sciences, Helfaer Professor of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI, USA Haik Nikogosian, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Lisa Oldring, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland Michael T. Osterholm, Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health; Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Vural Ozdemir, School of Journalism, Faculty of Communications, Office of the Rector, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey; School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kerala, India Tomas Pantoja, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Raymundo Parana, President of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology, Bahia, Brazil Richard Parker, Center for the Study of Culture, Politics and Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA David Parkin, City University, London, UK George C. Patton, Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia Amy Paul, Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Sarah Payne, Centre for Health and Social Care, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Neil Pearce, Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Corinne Peek-Asa, University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA Kai Hong Phua, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore Kevin Pottie, Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Jane E. Powell, Professor of Public Health Economics, Department of Health and Social Science, University of the West of England, Bristol John Powles, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Stella R. Quah, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore K. Srinath Reddy, President of the Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India Justin V. Remais, Director, Graduate Program in Global Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Les Roberts, Interim Director of the Program on Forced Migration and Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA Peter G. Robinson, Director of Research, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK Nigel Rollins, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Robin Room, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Director of the Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), Turning Point, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm David Sanders, People's Health Movement Director and Professor of the Public Health Programme, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa Manjinder S. Sandhu, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Vonthanak Saphonn, Vice Director of the University of Health Sciences and Head of Research Unit, National Center for HIV, AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Eleanor B. Schron, Director of Clinical Applications at the National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA Sara U. Schwanke Khilji, Communicable Disease Policy Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK Ulrike Schwerdtfeger, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Than Sein, President, People's Health Foundation, Yangon, Myanmar Shira Shafir, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Jonathan Shaw, Associate Director, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Prakash S. Shetty, Institute of Human Nutrition at the School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel Daniel Shouval, Chairman, Israel Foundation for Liver Diseases; Consultant of the World Health Organization; co-editor of the Journal of Hepatology Victor W. Sidel, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA Andrew Siegel, Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Liam Smeeth, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK Steven Solomon, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Suniti Solomon, Y.R. Gaitonde Center for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Marni Sommer, Center for the Study of Culture, Politics and Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Nasiha Soofie, Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa Frank Sorvillo, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Allison Streetly, Visiting Senior Lecturer, Division of Health and Social Care, Kings College London, UK Sheena G. Sullivan, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia Theodore Svoronos, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Chorh Chuan Tan, President and Professor of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore Meredith A. Tavener, Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, at the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Kate Tilling, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Andrea C. Tricco, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada Angelika Tritscher, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Peter Tugwell, University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Kumnuan Ungchusak, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand Nigel Unwin, Basic Medical Science Faculty of the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados Pierre Van Damme, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Tjeerd-Pieter van Staa, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Tyler J. Van der Weele, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA Koen Van Herck, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Sten H. Vermund, Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA Jimmy Volmink, Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Cochrane Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa Yasmin E.R. von Schirnding, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA Theo Vos, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Kristian Wahlbeck, Finnish Association for Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland Richard Wakeford, Dalton Nuclear Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Danuta Wasserman, National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Albert Weale, School of Public Policy at the Department of Political Science, University College London, London, UK Noel S. Weiss, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Vivian A. Welch, Bruyere Research Institute, Bruyere Continuing Care, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Alex Welte, South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch, South Africa Suwit Wibulpolprasert, Vice Chair, International Health Policy Program Foundation, Thailand Gail Williams, School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Brian Williams, South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch, South Africa Patrick Wilson, Center for the Study of Culture, Politics and Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA Nathan D. Wong, Professor and Director, Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, USA; Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology (UC Irvine and UCLA) and Radiology (UC Irvine) USA; Past President, American Society for Preventive Cardiology Alistair Woodward, Head of School, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Zunyou Wu, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China Mui-Teng Yap, Institute of Policy Studies, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore Eng-kiong Yeoh, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Elizabeth H. Young, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK C. Yiwei Zhang, Business Economics and Public Policy Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Zuo-Feng Zhang, Senior Professor of Epidemiology and Associate Dean for Research, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Ron Zimmern, Chairman, PHG Foundation, Cambridge, UK Anthony B. Zwi, School of Public Health & Community Medicine at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia