Changing Governance of Local Economies: Responses of European Local Production Systems

This book examines patterns of economic governance in three specific, contrasting, contexts: machinery-producing districts; declining steel cities; and clusters of high-technology activities. Building on the work of their previous book (Local Production Systems in Europe: Rise or Demise? OUP 2001), which charted the recent development of local clusters of specialized manufacturing among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, the authors find patterns of economic governance far more complex and dynamic than usually described in a literature which insists on identifying simple national approaches. The machinery industries were often identified in the literature of the 1980s as prominent cases of industrial district formation, which were then considerably weakened by the crises of the mid-1990s. Did clustering help these industries and their associated districts to respond to challenge, or only weaken them further? The case studies focus on the Bologna and Modena area of Emilia-Romagna, Stuttgart in Baden-Wurttemberg, Birmingham and Coventry in the English west midlands, but generally in France where there are very few local concentrations. Even while some thought local production systems were in crisis, national governments and the European Commission continued to recommend their approach to areas experiencing economic decline. This was particularly the case for cities that had been dependent on a small number of large corporations in industries that would no longer be major employers. Political and business leaders in these areas were encouraged to diversify, in particular through SMEs. Could this be done in response to external pressure, given that successful local production systems depend on endogenous vitality? The authors ask these questions of former steel-producing cities St. Etienne, Duisburg, Piombino, and Sheffield. The idea that local production systems had had their day was challenged by clear evidence of clustering among SMEs in a number of flourishing high-tech industries in parts of the USA and western Europe. Why do scientists, other specialists and firms actively embedded in global networks, bother with geographical proximity? This question is addressed by examining the software firms at Grenoble, the mass media cluster in Cologne, the information technology sector around Pisa, and the Oxfordshire biotechnology region. Contributors to this volume - Valeria Aniello, CEVIFOP-CNRS, Paris Arne Baumann, Green Party, Berlin Andrea Biagiotti, Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Florence Luigi Burroni, Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Florence, and European University Insitute, Florence Colin Crouch, European University Institute, Florence Henry Farrell, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto Nicolas Gaubert, Institut d'Urbanisme, University of Paris XII Ulrich Glassmann, Forschungsintitut fur Politische Wissenschaften und EuropaischeFragen, University of Cologne Ann-Louise Holten, Department of Social and Political Science, European University Institute, Florence Patrick Le Gales, CEVIFOP-CNRS, Paris Joe O'Mahoney, Lancaster University Neil Proudfoot, Societe Generale, London Martin Scott Hill, UK Department of Work and Pensions Oliver Tirmarche, Centre de Sociologie des Organizations, Scinces Po, Paris Annalisa Tonarelli, Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Florence Carlo Trigilia, University of Florence Helmut Voelzkow, Max Planck Institute for Society Research at Cologne