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Accruals Quality, Stock Return Seasonality, and the Cost of Equity Capital: International Evidence

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  • Lijuan Zhang
  • Mark Wilson

Abstract

Mashruwala and Mashruwala (2011) argue that inconsistent earlier findings regarding whether accruals quality (AQ) is priced in equity markets (Core, Guay, and Verdi 2008; Kim and Qi 2010) may be explained by seasonality in returns deriving from tax‐loss selling. Finding no evidence of annual AQ premia for U.S. firms, Mashruwala and Mashruwala report that significant monthly premia concentrate in January, with the remainder of the year demonstrating negative or insignificant returns to AQ and attribute this strong seasonality to tax‐loss selling by investors, rather than information risk. However, the end of the tax year for U.S. investors coincides with the calendar year and the financial year for the majority of firms, which may suggest alternative explanations for seasonal variation in returns. We extend Mashruwala and Mashruwala's study, using an international sample including countries where incentives for tax‐loss selling exist, but in which the standard tax and financial years differ (Japan and the United Kingdom), and where the tax and financial years conclude in a month other than December (Australia), as well as employing a longer U.S. sample. We find some evidence of an AQ premium in the United States, which although dominated by January returns, remains significant annually. However, these findings are sensitive to the inclusion of low price stocks and the choice of asset pricing test. In Japan, the United Kingdom, and Australia we document consistent evidence that an AQ premium exists on average throughout the year, and in samples excluding the first month of the tax year. The sensitivity of our U.S. results to the January period may reflect the conflation of numerous seasonal influences on returns, not all of which necessarily reflect mispricing. Selon Mashruwala et Mashruwala (), les résultats jusqu'ici contradictoires des recherches visant à déterminer si le cours des actions sur les marchés boursiers tient compte de la qualité des régularisations (QR) (Core et al., 2008; Kim et Qi, 2010) peuvent être expliqués par la fluctuation saisonnière des rendements résultant des ventes à perte à des fins fiscales. N'ayant relevé aucune donnée susceptible de confirmer l'existence d'une prime à la QR chez les sociétés des États‐Unis, Mashruwala et Mashruwala indiquent que les primes mensuelles importantes se concentrent en janvier, les rendements de la QR associés aux autres mois de l'année étant négatifs ou négligeables; ils attribuent cette forte fluctuation saisonnière aux ventes à perte que concluent les investisseurs à des fins fiscales plutôt qu'au risque lié à l'information. Toutefois, la fin de l'année d'imposition pour les investisseurs des États‐Unis coïncide avec celle de l'année civile et de l'exercice de la plupart des sociétés, ce qui laisse envisager d'autres explications à la fluctuation saisonnière des rendements. Les auteurs poussent plus loin l’étude de Mashruwala et Mashruwala en analysant un échantillon regroupant des sociétés de pays où existent des incitatifs à la vente à perte à des fins fiscales, mais où l'année d'imposition standard et l'exercice des sociétés diffèrent (Japon et Royaume‐Uni) et où l'année d'imposition et l'exercice des sociétés se terminent dans un mois autre que le mois de décembre (Australie), ainsi qu'un échantillon de données de sociétés des États‐Unis couvrant une période plus longue. Leurs observations révèlent l'existence d'une prime à la QR aux États‐Unis qui, bien qu'elle se rattache principalement aux rendements de janvier, demeure significative tout au long de l'année. Ces observations sont toutefois sensibles à la prise en compte des actions à faible cours et au choix du critère d’évaluation des actifs. Au Japon, au Royaume‐Uni et en Australie, les auteurs recueillent des données concordantes permettant de conclure à l'existence d'une prime moyenne à la QR tout au long de l'année et dans les échantillons excluant le premier mois de l'année d'imposition. Dans le cas des sociétés des États‐Unis, la sensibilité des résultats obtenus à l'effet du mois de janvier peut refléter l'incidence conjuguée sur les rendements de plusieurs facteurs saisonniers qui ne sont pas tous nécessairement le résultat d'erreurs d’évaluation.

Suggested Citation

  • Lijuan Zhang & Mark Wilson, 2018. "Accruals Quality, Stock Return Seasonality, and the Cost of Equity Capital: International Evidence," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(2), pages 1067-1101, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:1067-1101
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12407
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    Cited by:

    1. Lijuan Zhang & Neil Fargher, 2022. "Aggregate accounting earnings, special items and growth in gross domestic product: evidence from Australia," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(2), pages 2467-2496, June.
    2. Kai Du & Xin Daniel Jiang, 2020. "Connections between the Market Pricing of Accruals Quality and Accounting‐Based Anomalies," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 2087-2119, December.

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