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Example†Based Reasoning and Fact†Weighting Guidance in Accounting Standards

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  • Greg Capps
  • Lisa Koonce
  • Brian J. White

Abstract

The provision of examples as implementation guidance is pervasive in accounting standards. Prior research has established that preparers engage in “example†based reasoning,†a tendency to favor the accounting treatment in an example, even when the example does not exactly match the transaction at hand. In this paper, we investigate whether fact†weighting guidance counteracts this tendency. Such guidance, now found in some accounting standards, indicates whether particular transaction facts are more important than others in determining the appropriate accounting treatment. Using an experiment, we find that fact†weighting guidance does reduce preparers' tendency to favor the accounting treatment in an example. However, results also suggest that some degree of example†based reasoning persists even with fact†weighting guidance, and that preparers are not fully aware of how fact†weighting guidance affects their judgments. Our findings have practical implications. They suggest to standard setters a potential remedy—namely, fact†weighting guidance—for the misuse of accounting examples. They also provide insights to accounting preparers regarding how fact†weighting guidance influences their judgments in ways they may not anticipate.La présentation d'exemples à titre de guide de mise en application est répandue dans les normes comptables. Les recherches précédentes ont établi que les préparateurs ont tendance à fonder leur raisonnement sur l'exemple, ce qui les amène à opter pour le traitement comptable donné en exemple, même lorsque cet exemple ne correspond pas exactement à l'opération en cause. Les auteurs se demandent si les directives en matière de pondération des faits contrecarrent cette tendance. Ces directives, que l'on trouve désormais dans certaines normes comptables, indiquent si certains faits particuliers propres à une situation sont plus importants que d'autres dans la détermination du traitement comptable approprié. Les auteurs procèdent à une expérience dont les résultats montrent que les directives en matière de pondération des faits réduisent bel et bien la tendance des préparateurs à opter pour le traitement comptable donné en exemple. Ces résultats semblent toutefois indiquer aussi que le raisonnement fondé sur l'exemple persiste dans une certaine mesure, malgré l'application des directives en matière de pondération, et que les préparateurs ne sont pas entièrement conscients de la façon dont les directives en matière de pondération des faits influent sur leurs jugements. Les observations des auteurs ont des retombées sur le plan pratique. Elles suggèrent aux normalisateurs une solution potentielle, celle des directives en matière de pondération des faits, au mésusage des exemples comptables. Elles éclairent également les préparateurs d'informations comptables sur l'influence inattendue que peuvent avoir sur leurs jugements les directives en matière de pondération des faits.

Suggested Citation

  • Greg Capps & Lisa Koonce & Brian J. White, 2017. "Example†Based Reasoning and Fact†Weighting Guidance in Accounting Standards," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 582-600, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:582-600
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12283
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