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PROTOCOL: Correlates and Antecedents of Hate Crime: A Systematic Review of Place‐Level Risk and Protective Factors

Author

Listed:
  • Kathryn Benier
  • Michelle Sydes
  • Angela Higginson

Abstract

This is a protocol for a Campbell Systematic Review. The review aims to synthesise the current empirical evidence on the places factors associated with hate crime victimisation. The review will also consider whether the risk and protective factors for hate crime vary according to moderating factors, such as the features of the crime, the victim, the place and cultural contextual factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Kathryn Benier & Michelle Sydes & Angela Higginson, 2025. "PROTOCOL: Correlates and Antecedents of Hate Crime: A Systematic Review of Place‐Level Risk and Protective Factors," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(3), September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:camsys:v:21:y:2025:i:3:n:e70048
    DOI: 10.1002/cl2.70048
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matteo Vergani & Barbara Perry & Joshua Freilich & Steven Chermak & Ryan Scrivens & Rouven Link, 2022. "PROTOCOL: Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(2), June.
    2. Matteo Vergani & Barbara Perry & Joshua Freilich & Steven Chermak & Ryan Scrivens & Rouven Link & Daniel Kleinsman & John Betts & Muhammad Iqbal, 2024. "Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents: A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(2), June.
    3. Steven Windisch & Susann Wiedlitzka & Ajima Olaghere & Elizabeth Jenaway, 2022. "Online interventions for reducing hate speech and cyberhate: A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(2), June.
    4. Francesco Calderoni & Elisa Superchi & Tommaso Comunale & Gian Maria Campedelli & Martina Marchesi & Niccolò Frualdo, 2019. "PROTOCOL: Organised crime groups: A systematic review of individual‐level risk factors related to recruitment," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(1-2), June.
    5. Aminah Chambers & Shelley Brown & Michele Peterson‐Badali, 2023. "PROTOCOL: Risk and strength factors that predict criminal conduct among under‐represented genders and sexual minorities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(1), March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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