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Income Redistribution through Taxes and Social Benefits: The Case of Slovenia and Croatia

Author

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  • Mitja Čok

  • Ivica Urban

  • Miroslav Verbič

Abstract

The article analyses the redistributive effect attained by personal income tax, social security contributions and social benefits in Slovenia and Croatia. The redistributive effect is decomposed first to reveal progressivity and horizontal inequity effects, and further to show contributions of different tax and benefit instruments. Even though both countries started from the same socioeconomic background two decades ago, the current results reveal divergence that is a consequence of diverse development during this period. The results indicate that Croatia experienced significantly higher pre-fiscal income inequality and lower redistributive effect than Slovenia. Horizontal inequity effects, though, were higher in Slovenia than in Croatia. In both countries, the meanstested social benefits exerted an over-proportionate influence on the vertical effect, suggesting a strong impact of the welfare state on income position of their residents, but also induced a large amount of horizontal inequity. In Slovenia, the non-means-tested benefits slightly increased income inequality. Key words: Redistributive effect, Horizontal inequity, Taxes and benefits, Decomposition, Slovenia, Croatia.JEL: D31, D33, H23, H24.

Suggested Citation

  • Mitja Čok & Ivica Urban & Miroslav Verbič, 2013. "Income Redistribution through Taxes and Social Benefits: The Case of Slovenia and Croatia," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 60(5), pages 667-686.
    • Handle: RePEc:voj:journl:v:60:y:2013:i:5:p:667-686:id:90
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    Cited by:

    1. Luis Huesca & Abdelkrim Araar, 2014. "Progressivity of Taxes and Transfers: the Mexican Case 2012," Cahiers de recherche 1407, CIRPEE.
    2. Abdelkrim Araar & Luis Huesca, 2014. "Comparison of the Tax System Progressivity Over Time: Theory and Application with Mexican Data," Cahiers de recherche 1419, CIRPEE.
    3. Nga Thi Viet Nguyen & Ivica Rubil, 2021. "Fiscal Policies, Inequality, and Poverty in Croatia," Working Papers 2104, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb.
    4. Carlos Farinha Rodrigues & Isabel Andrade, 2013. "Robin Hood versus Piggy Bank: Income redistribution in Portugal 2006-10," Working Papers Department of Economics 2013/28, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    5. Zuobao Wang & Tianrun Lin & Yao Chen & Shurui Zhang, 2025. "Is it Actually Working Well? A Comparative Study of the Redistributive Effectiveness of Public Social Benefits in 33 Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 179(1), pages 235-267, August.
    6. Xunhua Tu & Jie Yan & Jing Zheng, 2024. "Income composition inequality of Chinese residents and fiscal redistribution effect: An empirical analysis on individual income tax and transfer system," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(1), pages 1-21, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D33 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Factor Income Distribution
    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies

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