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Nontraditional Participation in Disaster Recovery Planning: Cases From China, India, and the United States

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  • Divya Chandrasekhar
  • Yang Zhang
  • Yu Xiao

Abstract

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Stakeholder participation facilitates efficient identification of recovery needs, dynamic exchange of information, and consolidation of diverse perspectives as well as builds long-term trust and social capital between stakeholders. Yet, planners often fail to use the full potential of participatory planning when they are caught in the fast-paced, uncertain, and complex post-disaster environment. We draw lessons from case studies on recovery planning after three major disasters: the Indian Ocean tsunami (2004), Hurricane Katrina (2005), and the Wenchuan earthquake (2008) in China. We collected qualitative data about participatory planning using key informant interviews with stakeholders, supplemented by field observations, records of planning meetings, and government documents. We find that stakeholder participation in disaster recovery planning can happen in nontraditional yet effective ways, including indirect representation and active opposition. Disasters can rebalance power relationships and create more opportunities for participation by marginalized groups. Stakeholders' participatory behaviors evolve over the course of recovery due to shifting priorities, intensified resource competition, and the difficulty of using "normal" participatory mechanisms. Takeaway for practice: Stakeholder participation, a time-consuming process, can actually speed up recovery in the long run. Planners must critically examine the local community's social and power structures, identify potential for nontraditional participation, tap into networks of indirect representation, and adapt to the changing landscape of actors and local interests to contend with the challenges of participation in disaster recovery and make use of new opportunities as they arise.

Suggested Citation

  • Divya Chandrasekhar & Yang Zhang & Yu Xiao, 2014. "Nontraditional Participation in Disaster Recovery Planning: Cases From China, India, and the United States," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 80(4), pages 373-384, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:rjpaxx:v:80:y:2014:i:4:p:373-384
    DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2014.989399
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    Cited by:

    1. Sara Hamideh & Jane Rongerude, 2018. "Social vulnerability and participation in disaster recovery decisions: public housing in Galveston after Hurricane Ike," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 93(3), pages 1629-1648, September.
    2. Roger Few & Hazel Marsh & Garima Jain & Chandni Singh & Mark Glyn Llewellyn Tebboth, 2021. "Representing Recovery: How the Construction and Contestation of Needs and Priorities Can Shape Long-term Outcomes for Disaster-affected People," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 21(1), pages 7-25, January.
    3. He, Lulu, 2019. "Identifying local needs for post-disaster recovery in Nepal," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 52-62.
    4. Gordon Crawford & Chas Morrison, 2021. "Community‐led reconstruction, social inclusion and participation in post‐earthquake Nepal," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 39(4), pages 548-568, July.
    5. Kalindu Mendis & Menaha Thayaparan & Yamuna Kaluarachchi & Chaminda Pathirage, 2023. "Challenges Faced by Marginalized Communities in a Post-Disaster Context: A Systematic Review of the Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-22, July.
    6. Robert Olshansky & Yu Xiao & Daniel Abramson, 2020. "Guest Editorial to the Special Issue: Lessons Learned from post-2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Community Recovery," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(1), pages 1-3, October.
    7. Miaoxi Zhao & Yanliu Lin & Ben Derudder, 2018. "Demonstration of public participation and communication through social media in the network society within Shanghai," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 45(3), pages 529-547, May.
    8. Jiang Xu & Yiwen Shao, 2020. "The role of the state in China’s post-disaster reconstruction planning: Implications for resilience," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(3), pages 525-545, February.
    9. Lulu He, 2018. "We need land first: Identifying local needs for sustainable recovery after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-62, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    10. Lulu He, 2018. "We need land first: Identifying local needs for sustainable recovery after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal," WIDER Working Paper Series 62, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

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