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Housing is NOT ONLY the Business Cycle: A Luxemburg-Kalecki External Market Empirical Investigation for the United States

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  • José A. Pérez-Montiel
  • Riccardo Pariboni

Abstract

We study the residential investment-economic activity nexus in the United States during the period 1960–2020. We find evidence of symmetric and asymmetric frequency-domain Granger causality running unidirectionally from residential investment (RES) to output. This unidirectional causal relationship is both permanent and transitory: transitory shocks in RES have transitory effects on GDP, while permanent shocks in RES have permanent effects on GDP. Our results validate the hypothesis of Fiebiger [2018. ‘Semi-Autonomous Household Expenditures as the Causa Causans of Postwar US Business Cycles: The Stability and Instability of Luxemburg-Type External Markets.’ Cambridge Journal of Economics 42 (1): 155–175] and Fiebiger and Lavoie [2019. ‘Trend and Business Cycles with External Markets: Non-Capacity Generating Semi-Autonomous Expenditures and Effective Demand.’ Metroeconomica 70 (2): 247–262], who state that housing investment in the US can be analogous to a Luxemburg-Kalecki external market. Our findings can also be read through the lenses of the recent autonomous demand-led growth literature. In particular, we single out a specific component of autonomous demand and describe its prominent role in the US variety of capitalism. Thus, we conclude that residential investment, despite constituting a small overall share of GDP, is not only the cycle but is also the trend of the US economy.

Suggested Citation

  • José A. Pérez-Montiel & Riccardo Pariboni, 2022. "Housing is NOT ONLY the Business Cycle: A Luxemburg-Kalecki External Market Empirical Investigation for the United States," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(1), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:revpoe:v:34:y:2022:i:1:p:1-22
    DOI: 10.1080/09538259.2020.1859718
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    Cited by:

    1. Barbieri Góes, Maria Cristina, 2023. "A tale of three prices: Monetary policy and autonomous consumption in the US," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 115-127.
    2. Maria Cristina Barbieri Goes & Joana David Avritzer, 2023. "Monetary Policy, Distribution and Autonomous Demand in the US," Working Papers 2307, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics.
    3. Eckhard Hein & Valeria Jimenez, 2022. "The macroeconomic implications of zero growth: a post-Keynesian approach," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 19(1), pages 41-60, April.
    4. Di Bucchianico, Stefano, 2021. "Inequality, household debt, ageing and bubbles: A model of demand-side Secular Stagnation," IPE Working Papers 160/2021, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).

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