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Housing is NOT ONLY the Business Cycle: A Luxemburg-Kalecki External Market Empirical Investigation for the United States

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  • José A. Pérez-Montiel
  • Riccardo Pariboni

Abstract

We study the residential investment-economic activity nexus in the United States during the period 1960–2020. We find evidence of symmetric and asymmetric frequency-domain Granger causality running unidirectionally from residential investment (RES) to output. This unidirectional causal relationship is both permanent and transitory: transitory shocks in RES have transitory effects on GDP, while permanent shocks in RES have permanent effects on GDP. Our results validate the hypothesis of Fiebiger [2018. ‘Semi-Autonomous Household Expenditures as the Causa Causans of Postwar US Business Cycles: The Stability and Instability of Luxemburg-Type External Markets.’ Cambridge Journal of Economics 42 (1): 155–175] and Fiebiger and Lavoie [2019. ‘Trend and Business Cycles with External Markets: Non-Capacity Generating Semi-Autonomous Expenditures and Effective Demand.’ Metroeconomica 70 (2): 247–262], who state that housing investment in the US can be analogous to a Luxemburg-Kalecki external market. Our findings can also be read through the lenses of the recent autonomous demand-led growth literature. In particular, we single out a specific component of autonomous demand and describe its prominent role in the US variety of capitalism. Thus, we conclude that residential investment, despite constituting a small overall share of GDP, is not only the cycle but is also the trend of the US economy.

Suggested Citation

  • José A. Pérez-Montiel & Riccardo Pariboni, 2022. "Housing is NOT ONLY the Business Cycle: A Luxemburg-Kalecki External Market Empirical Investigation for the United States," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(1), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:revpoe:v:34:y:2022:i:1:p:1-22
    DOI: 10.1080/09538259.2020.1859718
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    Cited by:

    1. Maria Cristina Barbieri Goes & Joana David Avritzer, 2023. "Monetary Policy, Distribution and Autonomous Demand in the US," Working Papers 2307, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics.
    2. Barbieri Góes, Maria Cristina, 2023. "A tale of three prices: Monetary policy and autonomous consumption in the US," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 115-127.
    3. Eckhard Hein & Valeria Jimenez, 2022. "The macroeconomic implications of zero growth: a post-Keynesian approach," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 19(1), pages 41-60, April.
    4. Di Bucchianico, Stefano, 2021. "Inequality, household debt, ageing and bubbles: A model of demand-side Secular Stagnation," IPE Working Papers 160/2021, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).

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