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Gender and Suburban Wages

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  • Virginia L. Carlson
  • Joseph J. Persky

Abstract

In the monocentric model of urban development, jobs are clustered in the central business district and the price of land and housing decreases as one moves farther from the city center. Firms that elect to locate away from the city center can pay their workers lower wages because workers do not bear the cost of commuting downtown. These intraurban wage differentials have been credited with contributing to the suburbanization of jobs. Recent research on spatial constraints for certain classes of workers suggests, however, that the monocentric model and associated wage differentials may be incomplete. Urban/suburban wage differentials may exist only for certain kinds of workers who are more limited spatially in their commute, such as second-earner women. In this case, women’s wage rates by job location would be much more distance-sensitive than would men’s. Using data from the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample for the Chicago metropolitan area, we investigate wages by work location. We find that although there are certain categories of occupations where both men and women experience wage differentials, overall, women working in the suburbs encounter wages that are 7.8 percent less than their counterparts downtown, whereas for men the differential is only 1.2 percent.

Suggested Citation

  • Virginia L. Carlson & Joseph J. Persky, 1999. "Gender and Suburban Wages," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 75(3), pages 237-253, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:recgxx:v:75:y:1999:i:3:p:237-253
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.1999.tb00078.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Alois Stutzer & Bruno S. Frey, 2008. "Stress that Doesn't Pay: The Commuting Paradox," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 110(2), pages 339-366, June.
    2. Brendan Burchell & Darja Reuschke & Mary Zhang, 2021. "Spatial and temporal segmenting of urban workplaces: The gendering of multi-locational working," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(11), pages 2207-2232, August.
    3. Juan Carlos Campaña & J. Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, 2024. "Gender Gaps in Commuting Time: Evidence from Peru, Ecuador, Chile, and Colombia," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 596-620, September.
    4. Reuschke, Darja & Houston, Donald, 2020. "Revisiting the gender gap in commuting through self-employment," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    5. Philip S. Morrison, 2005. "Unemployment and Urban Labour Markets," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 42(12), pages 2261-2288, November.
    6. Marcén, Miriam & Morales, Marina, 2021. "Culture and the cross-country differences in the gender commuting gap," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    7. Hazans, Mihails, 2002. "Social returns to commuting in the Baltic states," ERSA conference papers ersa02p232, European Regional Science Association.

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