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Restaurant tipping in Europe: a comparative assessment

Author

Listed:
  • Stefan Gössling
  • Sébastien Fernandez
  • Carlos Martin-Rios
  • Susana Pasamar Reyes
  • Valérie Fointiat
  • Rami K. Isaac
  • Merete Lunde

Abstract

Tipping is a social norm in many countries and has important functions as a source of income, with significant social welfare effects. Tipping can also represent a form of lost tax revenue, as service workers and restaurants may not declare all cash tips. These interrelationships remain generally insufficiently understood. This paper presents the results of a comparative survey of resident tipping patterns in restaurants in Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands. ANOVA and ANCOVA analyses confirm significant variation in tipping norms between countries, for instance with regard to the frequency of tipping and the proportion of tips in relation to bill size. The paper discusses these findings in the context of employment conditions and social welfare effects, comparing the European Union minimum wage model to gratuity-depending income approaches in the USA. Results have importance for the hospitality sector and policymakers concerned with social welfare.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Gössling & Sébastien Fernandez & Carlos Martin-Rios & Susana Pasamar Reyes & Valérie Fointiat & Rami K. Isaac & Merete Lunde, 2021. "Restaurant tipping in Europe: a comparative assessment," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(6), pages 811-823, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rcitxx:v:24:y:2021:i:6:p:811-823
    DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2020.1749244
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    Cited by:

    1. Belhadi, Amine & Kamble, Sachin & Benkhati, Imane & Gupta, Shivam & Mangla, Sachin Kumar, 2023. "Does strategic management of digital technologies influence electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and customer loyalty? Empirical insights from B2B platform economy," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).

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