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Release or Repress? The Effects of Economic Sanctions on Capital Account Openness

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  • Joon Hyeok Lee

Abstract

Despite the frequent use of economic sanctions by states, there are insufficient analyses of the collateral effects of these measures on target states. Under the sanctions, targeted leaders who pursue the longevity of their regimes adjust domestic policies to mitigate the costs associated with sanctions. Specifically, this article analyzes the effects of sanctions on capital account liberalization in target states. Economic sanctions trigger changes in the capital account openness of target states. However, the direction of the reform is dependent on the political institutions in target states, which characterize the behavioral incentive structure of the leaders. Specifically, economic sanctions lower capital account openness, albeit only in autocracies. Democracies, which are sensitive to the benefits of capital account openness, are less likely to tighten the restrictions. Instead, they are likely to open their markets. I employ the two-way fixed approach to test my argument, using time-series cross-sectional data spanning 145 countries for the period 1965–2005. In this regard, I find evidence in favor of my argument, with the findings suggesting the indirect impact of economic sanctions on target states’ financial policies on which the decisions are primarily driven by the political incentives of the targeted leaders.A pesar del uso frecuente de las sanciones económicas por parte de los Estados, no existen suficientes análisis acerca de los efectos colaterales que tienen estas medidas en los Estados de destino. En virtud de las sanciones, los líderes de los Estados de destino de estas sanciones, que tienen como objetivo la longevidad de sus regímenes, ajustan sus políticas nacionales con el fin de mitigar los costes asociados a las sanciones. En concreto, en este artículo se analizan los efectos que tienen las sanciones sobre la liberalización de la cuenta de capital en los Estados de destino. Las sanciones económicas provocan cambios en la transparencia de la cuenta de capital de los Estados de destino. Sin embargo, la dirección de las reformas depende de las instituciones políticas de los Estados de destino, las cuales caracterizan la estructura de incentivos conductuales de los líderes. De manera más concreta, las sanciones económicas reducen la transparencia de la cuenta de capital, aunque solo en las autocracias. Las democracias, que son sensibles a los beneficios de la transparencia de la cuenta de capital, son menos propensas a endurecer las restricciones. En cambio, es probable que abran sus mercados. Utilizamos el enfoque fijo bidireccional con el fin de demostrar nuestro razonamiento, mediante el uso de datos transversales de series temporales que abarcan 145 países durante el período entre 1965 y 2005. A este respecto, encontramos evidencias que apoyan nuestro razonamiento, ya que las conclusiones sugieren el impacto indirecto que tienen las sanciones económicas sobre las políticas financieras de los Estados de destino, cuyas decisiones están impulsadas principalmente por los incentivos políticos de los líderes del Estado de destino.Malgré la fréquence de l’utilisation des sanctions économiques par les États, les analyses des effets collatéraux de ces mesures sur les États cibles restent insuffisantes. Les dirigeants ciblés qui souhaitent assurer la longévité de leur régime ajustent les politiques nationales pour atténuer les coûts associés aux sanctions auxquelles ils sont soumis. Plus précisément, cet article analyse les effets des sanctions sur la libéralisation du compte de capital dans les États cibles. Les sanctions économiques déclenchent des modifications dans l’ouverture de celui-ci. Cependant, l’orientation de la réforme dépend des institutions politiques des États cibles, qui caractérisent la structure d’incitations comportementales des dirigeants. Plus précisément, les sanctions économiques réduisent l’ouverture du compte de capital, quoique seulement dans les autocraties. Les démocraties, plus sensibles aux avantages de l’ouverture du compte de capital, accentueront moins souvent les restrictions. Elles auront plutôt tendance à ouvrir leur marché. J’utilise une approche d’effets fixes bilatéraux pour évaluer mon argument, à l’aide de données chronologiques transversales couvrant 145 pays entre 1965 et 2005. À cet égard, je trouve des éléments pour étayer mon argument : les conclusions indiquent la présence de conséquences indirectes des sanctions économiques sur les politiques financières des États cibles. Les décisions concernant ces dernières se fondent principalement sur des incitations politiques des dirigeants ciblés.

Suggested Citation

  • Joon Hyeok Lee, 2024. "Release or Repress? The Effects of Economic Sanctions on Capital Account Openness," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(1), pages 33-63, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:50:y:2024:i:1:p:33-63
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2023.2296038
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