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“Leave It as It Is”: International Network Effects on Protected Lands

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  • Darren Hawkins
  • Jay Goodliffe

Abstract

The protection of a portion of a country’s land is vital for sustainable economic growth and biodiversity, though land protection also imposes important costs. States have set aside a growing proportion of their land for protection over time, with wide variation among states. What explains this variation? Theoretically, we argue that states exist internationally in dependence networks with each other and that those networks provide pathways for influence on a state’s environmental choices. A state’s dependence network is the other states with which it regularly exchanges valued goods. We find strong evidence that increases in protected lands among trade partners and international organization partners (both weighted by importance) increase a given state’s protected lands, with substantive effects larger than domestic-level variables like democracy. This paper expands our understandings of the ways that states may influence each other on environmental policy.La protección de una parte del terreno de un país es vital para el crecimiento económico sostenible y para la biodiversidad, aunque la protección de la tierra también conlleva unos costes importantes. Los Estados han estado reservando para su protección una proporción, cada vez mayor, de sus tierras a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, existe una amplia variación a este respecto entre los Estados. ¿Qué explica esta variación? De forma teórica, argumentamos que los Estados existen internacionalmente en redes de dependencia entre sí y que esas redes proporcionan diversas vías que influyen en las elecciones ambientales de un Estado. La red de dependencia de un Estado está formada por otros Estados con los cuales intercambia regularmente bienes valiosos. Encontramos pruebas sólidas de que los aumentos en el número de áreas protegidas entre los socios comerciales y entre los socios de las organizaciones internacionales (ambos ponderados por importancia) aumentan también la cantidad de áreas protegidas de un Estado determinado. Estos aumentos conllevan unos efectos sustantivos mayores que las variables a nivel nacional como la democracia. Este artículo amplía nuestra comprensión acerca de las formas en que los Estados pueden influir mutuamente en la política ambiental.La protection d’une partie des terres d’un pays est cruciale pour une croissance économique durable et la biodiversité, mais elle impose aussi des coûts importants. Au fil des années, les États consacrent une part croissante de leur territoire à la sauvegarde, mais elle varie grandement de l’un à l’autre. Comment expliquer ces différences ? Sur le plan théorique, nous affirmons que les États existent à l’international au sein de réseaux d’interdépendances qui ont tendance à influencer les choix environnementaux étatiques. Le réseau d’interdépendances d’un État regroupe les États avec lesquels il échange régulièrement des marchandises de valeur. Nous trouvons nombre d’éléments probants pour justifier qu’une augmentation de terres protégées chez des partenaires commerciaux et des organisations internationales partenaires (en pondérant les deux en fonction de leur importance) débouche sur une augmentation des terres protégées dans un État donné. Cet effet se révèle plus important que les variables nationales comme la démocratie. Cet article enrichit notre compréhension des moyens par lesquels les États peuvent s’influencer mutuellement en politique environnementale.

Suggested Citation

  • Darren Hawkins & Jay Goodliffe, 2023. "“Leave It as It Is”: International Network Effects on Protected Lands," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(5), pages 696-726, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:49:y:2023:i:5:p:696-726
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2023.2236774
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