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Fear of terrorism and support for non-democratic rule in democracies

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  • James A. Piazza

Abstract

Does fear of terrorism prompt some residents of democracies to abandon the ideal of democratic rule and instead endorse non-democratic governance? If so, why? In this study, I theorize that fear of terrorism triggers intolerance of social outgroups which, in turn, contributes to the erosion of pro-democratic norms and embrace of authoritarian rule. I test this argument using an original survey of the US and an investigation of cross-national survey results from 23 democracies. I find that individuals who fear terrorism are more likely to endorse non-democratic governance and the effect of fear of terrorism on support for authoritarianism is mediated through increased racism and xenophobia.¿Provoca el miedo al terrorismo que algunos residentes de las democracias sientan el impulso de abandonar el ideal del gobierno democrático y, en cambio, respalden la gobernanza no democrática? Si es así, ¿por qué ocurre esto? En este estudio, teorizamos que el miedo al terrorismo desencadena la intolerancia con respecto a los grupos externos lo cual, a su vez, contribuye a la erosión de las normas prodemocráticas y a la aceptación de un gobierno autoritario. Probamos este argumento usando una encuesta original de los Estados Unidos, así como una investigación de los resultados de una serie de encuestas transnacionales relativas a 23 democracias. Concluimos que las personas que temen el terrorismo son más propensas a respaldar una gobernanza no democrática y que el efecto del miedo al terrorismo, que causa un apoyo al autoritarismo, se manifiesta a través de un aumento del racismo y la xenofobia.La peur du terrorisme pousse-t-elle certaines personnes vivant en démocratie à abandonner l’idéal démocratique pour, au contraire, soutenir des formes de gouvernance non-démocratiques ? Si oui, pourquoi ? Dans le cadre de cette analyse, j’avance comme théorie que la peur du terrorisme est vecteur d’intolérance envers les exogroupes; une intolérance qui, à son tour, contribue à l’érosion des normes démocratiques et à l’adoption d’un régime autoritaire. Je mets cette hypothèse à l’épreuve d’une enquête originale menée aux États-Unis et d’une analyse des résultats d’une enquête transnationale réalisée dans 23 démocraties. J’en conclus que les individus craignant le terrorisme sont plus enclins à soutenir une gouvernance non-démocratique, et que cette peur, dans l’adhésion à l’autoritarisme qu’elle entraîne, a pour effet d’accentuer les phénomènes de racisme et de xénophobie.

Suggested Citation

  • James A. Piazza, 2023. "Fear of terrorism and support for non-democratic rule in democracies," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(4), pages 587-611, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:49:y:2023:i:4:p:587-611
    DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2023.2208726
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